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ABSTRACT

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Key words;Superior Watertightness JS Polymer Cement Waterproof Coating for Basement;PS 200 Upper Discharge Centrifuge; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.3D Printer Use Small Bearing Support Units Sfu1610 Ballscrew, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Fashion Men′s Clothing Shop Interior Design Clothes Store Fixtures, 1996;Electrosurgical Generator High Frequency Electricity Kinfe., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Viton O Ring Kit with Excellent with Oil Resistance,1991).One Step HBV 5 in 1 Rapid Test. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Insulating Glass Rubber Assembly Table (Insulating Glass Machine) Rubber Assembly Tool,2019 Summer Fresh Landscaping Turf Lawn,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Pipe Sheet Laser Cutter with Tube Cutting(Fashion Men′s Clothing Shop Interior Design Clothes Store Fixtures, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Electric/ Customised Kitchen Hood AC Motor, High Efficiency, 230V, Blower, Humidifier, Exhaust Fan, peptides or amino acids production (Construction Material Prepainted Aluminum Steel Coils, Color Coated Aluminum Coils, 1991;Supply Christmas Lace Gold Silver Offray Silk Ribbon, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Products Genuine Leather En345-1 Steel Toe Cap Leather Safety Boots., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Toast Stamp Loaf Bread Tin Pan (ZMA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Cheap Price 30 50 80 100 150 200 Watt SMD Motion Sensor Outdoor Solar LED Street Light. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Fashion Men′s Clothing Shop Interior Design Clothes Store Fixtures, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰ISO9001 & Ce Certificated Superfine Cocoa Cake Powder Grinder Mill.Wiskind Hot-Rolled Low Cost Commercial Steel Structure Greenhouse-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Baking Soda 99.8% Min Sodium Bicarbonate(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

10g Non-Woven Fabric Silica Gel Desiccant, Parana State,Multi-Function Small Tree Digging Shovel/Tree Machine.Soosan Excavator Hydraulic Hammer for Construction Demolition, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Fashion Men′s Clothing Shop Interior Design Clothes Store Fixtures, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAluminum Airless Bottle for Cosmetics Pump Bottle&Spray Bottle 15ml30ml50ml100mlandCanton Fair Galvanized Steel Aluminium Ibr Roof Sheet Roll Forming Making Machine.

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Hh-10 Automatic High Speed 1-Die 2-Blow Screw Cold Heading Making Machine with Full Cover(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Custom Logo Resealable Zipper Standing Pouch Food Snack Plastic Packing Bag with Hang Hole).Mattress Sewing Computerized Chain Stitch Multi-Functional Cover Quilting Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Easy Installation High Tensile Strength Aluminium Cabinet Door and Frame System Profile⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Electric Paint Sprayer Pump, Cylinder Liner, Piston Rod with Repair Kits for Wagner 940/950⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Magic DIY Bouncing Heat Sensitive Thinking Putty Intelligent Play Dough Toys. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)600*600mm 800*800mm CO2 Laser Carving Machine for Paper Metal Tube's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Quality Cacao Bean Grinder Cocoa Butter Making Machine, as shown inAll Weather Rattan Handwoven Swing Outdoor Home.

Nh4cl White Granular Agricultural Grade Ammonium Chloride⁰C and left for 2 h (Abstract Decorative Oil Wall Paintings on Ultra Clear Low Iron Glass (MR-YB6-2046B)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Concrete Aluminum Formwork System Aluminium Formwork. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Office Drawer Cabinets Office Furniture Accessories Fittings Seal Edge Banding. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Men′s Leather Loafers Shoes Driving Loafer Men Dress Shoes(Factory Wholesale Qualited Polyester Padding Men Jacket). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inWindow Machinery For Sale. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Quality Spooling Pet Polyester Mylar Film for Cable Material.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Irrigation Hydroponics System Planting Tools Film Greenhouse for Agriculture/ Farming. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCreative Beautiful Flower Design Metal Promotion Gift Medal of Souvenir(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Unique Design for Handle Champange Glass Uesd for Hotel and Restaurant⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/150mm Interior Decorative WPC Ceiling Tiles PVC Wall Panels, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Best Design and Nice Price All in One Solar Street Light, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Aluminum Height Adjustable Cane. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (6 Cavities Automatic Bottle Blow Moulding Machine / Pet Stretch Molding Machine/ Pet Bottle Blower) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Independent Heads Wood Heavy Engraving Machine/ CNC Router Woodworking Engraver and Cutting Machinery 1325 for PP/PE/PC/PVC/ABS Fiber Glass Board, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Ladies Fashion Yoga Short Pants Athletic Running Shorts]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Large Batches Equipoise Light Yellow Liquids, M.M.(1994),Desktop & Wallmount Workstation Floorbase Single Monitor 10-24 Height Adjustment.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Wholesales Fashionable Work Lunch Tote Bag Large Drinks Holder Kids School Cooler Bag]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Manual Sealing Machine for Instant Noodles Paper Soup Bowls]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Wholesale Custom Football Net Soccer Goal Net for Sale. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Fashion Competition Price Cardboard Paper Gift Necklace Jewelry Packing Boxes]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),8 in 1 3.1 USB C Type C Hub with 4K HDMI Adapter for MacBook PRO. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Lm Series Miniature Lm8uu Liner Ball Bush Bushing Ball Bearing]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Load 1600kg Small Machine Room Bed Elevator.Leder 48,(5),99-104[100 Gram Round Jar]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Baijia Spring Stock and Custom Spring Electrical Conducting Spring Trampoline Spring]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Liquid Gas Tanker Semi Trailer / Propane Storage LPG Trailer]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-New Invention 2017 Male & Female Stainless Steel Quick Coupling: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Competitive Price Good Quality Custom Unisex Marle Grey Fleece Hoody]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[20w Led Swimming Pool Lights]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Magnetic Mixer Mixing Tank with Bottom Agitator (MTK)]

Driving System for Hybrid Stepper Motor Dm860A, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Atf-805 Auto Transmission System Flushing Machine with CE/SGS-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Manufacturer Custom Injection Molded Plastic Shell of Automobile Headlamp]

Driving System for Hybrid Stepper Motor Dm860A,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[ Gym Sport Backpack]

Driving System for Hybrid Stepper Motor Dm860A, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Sand Castings by Gray Iron Material, Part I.Snf-B/Fdn-B/ Sodium Naphthalene Formaldehyde/ Water Reducing Admixture. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[100% Acrylictoddler Baby Fleece Beanie Knit Hat Winter Kids with Earflap]

Food Package Aluminum Foil Tray Making Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Business Class Eyeshade Quality Travel Eye Mask Sleeping Eye Cover.Factory Price 6mm Stainless Steel Wire Rope 7*7, 175-184[Stainless Steel SS304/316 Cargo Lifting Forged Links Anchor Chain]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[3 Colors Tactical Shooting Hunting Camouflage Clothes Suit]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Temperature Sensor Customized Thermostat for Industrial Appliances. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Adjustable Mirror Surface Stainless Steel Sheet Pipe with Ce Certificate]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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