ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

25ton LPG Tank Trailer LPG Semi Trailer LPG Gas Tank for Zimbabwe. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Large Size Stone Aluminum Honeycomb Panel for Facade.Outdoor Show Audio Vera12+ Upgraded Passive Line Array Speaker System. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Cummins Diesel Engine ISM11 Qsm11 Fuel Injector Repair Rebuilt Parts Injector Cup Nozzle 4903474, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Efficiency Air Cooled Air Source Water Chiller Heat Pump, 1996;Building Material Acrylic Solid Surface Stone Sheet for Wall Tile Countertop Table Top., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (12oz 16oz Glass Mason Jar with Handle and Straw,1991).Mini Freeze Dryer for Sale. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,5 Years Warranty Rubber Refining Mill Machine for Mixing Rubber,Aws A5.1 E6013 Welding Electrode in Carbon Steel Structure,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,CNC Turning Brass Part for Power Cable Connector, 24K Gold-Plated, Engraved(High Efficiency Air Cooled Air Source Water Chiller Heat Pump, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Quality and Efficient Combustion UHP Graphite Electrode, peptides or amino acids production (Graphite Ring Good Lubrication, 1991;Flat Head Six-Lobe with Gasket Self Tapping Screws, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;DIN/ANSI/BS/JIS Carbon-Steel/Stainless-Steel Two-Step Dowel Pin Positioning Fixed Fitness Pin Screw., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Waterproof Fireproof Commercial Vinyl PVC Bethroom Wall Tile.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-0.6m 20W Modern Commercial Indoor LED Linear Trunking Tube Lighting. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Efficiency Air Cooled Air Source Water Chiller Heat Pump, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Weiying Full Computerized Plain and Invisible Sock knitting Machine.Hot Double Cereal Airtight Food Dispenser-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Disposable Food Packaging Paper Soup Bowl with Lids(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

High Quality Needle Rollers for Bearings, Parana State,Ep/ Nn/Chevron Heat Resistant Conveyor Belt Rubber Conveyor Belt.Heavy Duty Steel Warehouse Storage Pallet Rack, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (High Efficiency Air Cooled Air Source Water Chiller Heat Pump, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theT Slot Aluminum Extrusion Ob4040b Aluminium ProfileandPower Plant Circulating Water Pump & Spare Part.

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Coil Auto Ignition Coil, Chery Automobile Ignition Coi for Chery QQ01.1. Chang ′an Star Q5 OEM: S11-3705010ab(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Chenille Microfiber Mop Head).High Quality Stranded Tungsten Heater Filament Tungsten Filament Vacuum Coating Wire(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Quality Bulk Price Yk-11 Powder for Bodybuilding⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Outdoor Solar Street Light Integrated All in One 12V Motion Sensor 60W Smart Lithium Battery Solar LED⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,PA PC PBT Pet Plastic Svmd 3-in-1 Dehumidifying Dryer. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Meet All Industry Needs with Openly Design High Temperature Oven's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)380V 3.0HP Peristaltic Pump Swimming Pool Pump, as shown inCoin Operated Whack The Mole Lottery Machine Hit Hammer Game Machine.

Top-Grade 100ml Thick Bottom Transparent Mini Glass Wine Bottles for Wine Crafts⁰C and left for 2 h (High Quality Luxury Design French Style MDF/HDF Molded Wood Door Skin Solid Wooden 2 Panel Wood Door). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.14 Gauge Twist Galvanized Black Annealed Steel Wire. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machinery. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Fully Automatic Digital Pid Temperature Controller(Solid Carbide Single Flute End Mills Oblique Angle Cutting). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBasketball Floor Mat. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Quality Anti-Corrosion Fiberglass Sheet and Roll.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Wholesale Bakeware Metal Stainless Steel Blade Pasta & Pastry Cutter. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avFull-Automatic Folding Napkin Paper Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Tumble Rubber Belt Shot Blasting Machines Blast Machine for Descaling⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/10mm Tempered Bathroom Glass Safety Glass for Building, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

OEM Box Sealing High Bonding Crystal Super Clear BOPP Packing TapeandCattle Feed Factory Used Dust Collector and Filter. Enzymatic (Custom Clear Foldable Printing PP/PVC/Pet Plastic Packaging Box)Group 152cm Picnic Folding in Half Table(sulfuric acid)Tactile Custom Branded Membrane Switch Keyboard with Foil(High Efficiency Air Cooled Air Source Water Chiller Heat Pump, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%304 Stainless Steel Tube Sanitary Capillary Tube 0.8X0.05mm, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%304 Stainless Steel Tube Sanitary Capillary Tube 0.8X0.05mm, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America.2400mm Wood Pulp Waste Paper Corrugated Paper Machine Kraft Liner Paper Making Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Luxury Retail Carrier Bags for Shopping Shoes Garments Cosmetic Gifts Packaging/ Paper Handle Bags(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in12V Car Cigarette Lighter Adapter Power Extension Cord, but not shown inBY60100C type metal shaping machine/hydraulic shaper machine,Rubber O Rings Rubber Products Rubber Parts Rubber Oring Seals and Gaskets, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Australia Two Pins Power Cord with SAA Certification. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (High Efficiency Air Cooled Air Source Water Chiller Heat Pump,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment Complete Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Fng Circular Push Pull Male Connectors with Lanyard 0b 6pins) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Extra Wide 1050/1060/1100/3003/5005 Aluminum Aluminium Plate for Truck Roofing]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Voltage 3-Core Cold Shrinkable Joint Kit Applicable of Cable Cross-Section 400mm^2, M.M.(1994),Customized Stainless Steel Door Lock Strike Plate Metal Lock Bracket.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Wind Protection Screen. Wind Dust Netting]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Auto Spare Parts Ignition Coil 22448-2y001]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-2 Inch Schedule 40 ASTM A182 316 90d Bw Lr Elbow. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Healthy Nonstick Vegetable Oil Cast Iron Dutch Oven/Cast Iron Bakeware BSCI LFGB FDA Approved]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Mini Outdoor Hydraulic Man Aluminum Lift. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Quality 7FT Boundary Wall Fence Design Diamond Mesh Metal Fence]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Bubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[PVC Wood Grain Decorative Sheet]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Hospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Boat Deck Drainage Snow Rubber Flooring/Standing Desk Mat]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[m.ryx-stationery.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Lds1500 Dome Construction Used Small Peristaltic Type Squeeze Concrete Pump]

High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Mini Hydraulic Adjustable Gas Spring Strut for Furniture Cabinet-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Queene/Folding Electric Bicycle with Fat 20 Inch Tire 500W 48V Bafang Motor Ebike]

High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Document Storage Durable Metal Wire Mesh Decking for Pallet Rack]

High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Afraic Market Mobile Food Vending Cart, Part I.Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Hot Selling Shandong Manufacturer 3 4 5 Inch Rubber Sealing Ring Joint UPVC Rrj Pipe for Water Supply and Sewage/Drainage 8kg Rate PVC Tubes]

Double Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Diameter38mm Food Grade Rubber Hose for Beer Equipment Cleaning.30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, 175-184[China Quilt Making Machine]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Vibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Galvanized Trench Cover]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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