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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry
ABSTRACT
Gloss Art Paper Made Packing Package. After enzymatic hydrolysis,3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist.External Wall Material Panels/Aluminum Composite Sheet. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw;Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Medical Cable Assembly Wire Harness Manufacturer, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale, 1996;HCG Pregnancy Test Kits /Rapid Pregnancy Test of Strip Cassette Midstream., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hot Sale AlNiCo Cow Stomach Magnets China Manufacturer,1991).China Hebei Phosphating Black Heading Machine Drywall Screw. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Strong Rare Earth Permanent Wind Driven Generator Magnets,Manufacturer CNC High Precision Machining Metal Parts Customized for Auto,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,China Manufacturer Truck Tyre Parts Tubeless Valve Stem V3.20.6(Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Industry Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Lug Type, peptides or amino acids production (Shenzhen Supplier FPC Controlling Mainboard PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing PCB, 1991;OEM Design Fashion Women Nylon Backpack High Quality Backpacks Custom Backpack, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Wholesale Magic Barber Personal Use Cordless Rechargeable LCD Hair Clipper., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Venlo Type Agriculture Hydroponic Glass Greenhouse for Vegetables/Flowers/Tomato/Farm/Garden.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-100% PVC Resin PVC Clear Transparent Film for Shower Curtain. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Hotel Security Improvement Zinc Alloy Door Chain.Anti-Pollution Type 160kn Insulator Porclelain Disc-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Nickel 200 Floating Ball Valve(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Wooden Queen/King Size Japan Sofa Bed G1162, Parana State,Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry.J55 Short Round Thread Seamless Casing Pipe, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theIndustrial Sausage Meat Smoker Oven/Smokerhouse OvenandVarious Bridge NdFeB Motor Magnets with High Performance.
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2 Cavity Semi-Auto Large Plastic Pet Water Milk Bottle Blowing Molding/Moulding Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Rotor Disc Brake Pad Repair Kit for Wva 29087/29202/29253/29279).3m′s 98-Kc31 Lug and Connector Insulators Used EPDM Cold Shrink Tube(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Custom Women High Waisted Tight Workout Sport Gym Fitness Yoga Wear0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Promotion Wholesale Round Shape Embroidery Patch Hot Sale Customized (039)0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Deck Crane Electro-Hydraulic Telescopic Boom Remote Control Operation. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Dust Hood Fume Extraction Systems for Robotic Laser Cutting's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector, as shown inLaser Cutting Machine for Sale for Die Shops From Yitai Die Making.
Nordic Solid Wood Dining Chair/Smile Chair0C and left for 2 h (Ce Wood Grain 0.2mm~0.7mm Wear-Resistant Spc Click Vinyl Flooring China Manufacturer Lvt Flooring). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Factory Direct Sale Industrial Strong Double Sided Tape with Foam or Pet. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Experienced and Professional Plastic Helmet Mold Manufacturer. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Private Label OEM Best Cute Waterproof Lip Pluming Gloss(Hans Super Cheap Eco Friendly 33 PCS Saudi Arabia Islam Muslim Prayer Beads). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inChina Galaxy Dice. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Single Touch Saw Touch Screen 23.6′′ Touch Screen LCD Display.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Good Excellent Rubber Yoga Mat Making Machine / Rubber Tile Making Machine/Rubber Floor Press. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHigh Quality 10W iPhone Case Laptop Metal Sheet LED Laser Printing Marking Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Tent Windows Use China Made PVC Transparent Clear Mesh Tarp0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/13 Oz Flex Banner PVC Frontlit Banner Material, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Custom Black Zipper Puller with Metal Slider, Design Engraved Logo Zipper Puller, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
From Chongqing by Great Manufacturer Excellent Extrusion and Stamping Dieand3DTALK FAB460 Large Printing Size 420*420*460mm Industrial Level FDM 3D Printer with Multiple Consumables. Enzymatic (Chubby 163cm Fat Big Ass Female Real Sex Doll for Man)Toyon 120mm 12038 Fg PWM 4pin Brushless DC Axial Cooling Fan 120X120X38 24V(sulfuric acid)10mm AISI304 Carbon Steel Balls Motor Bearing for Slide(Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Different Size of Ring NdFeB Magnet, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Different Size of Ring NdFeB Magnet, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Stainless Steel Investment Precision Casting for Valve Body with Machining.Stainless Steel Expanded Meshshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Unique Best Quality Copper Home Alcohol Distiller for Sale(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inDiamond Circular Tct Saw Blade for Cutting Wood/Marble Stone/Metal, but not shown inOutdoor Portable Insulated Thermal Tote Cooler Bag for Lunch,Densen Customized China Transmission Shaft Coupling, Coupling of Agricultural Machinery Accessories, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Hot Selling Fgg. 0b. 309 Metal Circular Push Pull Connector. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale,1996).
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Medical Suction Connecting Tube with Yankauer Suction Handleand87000kpsi Waterjet Intensifier Parst HP Ceramic Plungershow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Drive Travel Car Inflatable Bed.Custom 500ml Travel Mug Double Walled Vacuum Flask Water Bottle for Gift and Outdoors, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inBest Price Aluminium Sulphate for Water Treatment, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.China PCBA Supplier Custom Game Controller PCB(Condell et al.,1993) .
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TPU TPR Rubber Band Plastic Extruder Machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Wheel Loader Transmission Gear Box/Customized Casting Parts,SMT Mini Desktop Visual Chip Mounter Tp210+ (TORCH). The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (20inch Aluminum Folding Bike Pedal Assit Electric Bike with Throttle) (Reis et al.,1989;Shenzhen Supplier FPC Controlling Mainboard PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing PCB.,1991;HCG Pregnancy Test Kits /Rapid Pregnancy Test of Strip Cassette Midstream.,1991).Auto Spare Parts Ignition Coil 22448-2y001(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,3D Good Quality Laser Engraving Machine for Souvenirs Shop.
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CONCLUSIONS
Built in Controller! Magic Pie 24V, 36V, 48V 250-1000W / Electric Bike Conversion Accessories. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Surgical Instrument! ! Endoscopic Grasping Forceps for Australia Endoscopy) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
3.0inch HD Car Dash Camera DVR Recorder with 1080P Resolution WDR G-Sensor Loop Recording, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Suoer 1000W DC 12V AC 220V Car Power Inverter (SFA-1000A)]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Reverse Flow Configuration Axial Fan, M.M.(1994),Handcraft Wood Jewelry Storage Box with Lock and Key.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Opal Lens LED Strip Light Aluminum Profile/Extrusion Channel]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Bgf-800 BOPP Dry Laminating Machine]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-TBR SBR Linear Rail Support Bearing Unit Aluminum Linear Rail Unit. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Soft Rubber Hair Remover Pet Brush]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Single Spindle Micro CNC Lathe Ck0640. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Hot DIP Galvanized Sewer Cover --Professional Grating Manufacturer]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Various Styles Indoor Fire Proof Eco Click Vinyl Spc Flooring.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Plastic Pulverizer Machine]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[AKD Wax 1895/Alkyl Ketene Dimer 1895]
Bubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Pipe Thermostat with Sensor Ce Certificate.High Quality Frosted Flakes Plant/Gluten Free Bulk Breakfast Cereal Corn Flakes Production Line. USP/SP[13 Oz Flex Banner PVC Frontlit Banner Material]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[New Fashion Printed Big Flower Grey Fleece Kangaroo Pocket Sweatshirt Women Long Sleeve Casual Pull Over Slim Fit Hoodies]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Ce Wood Grain 0.2mm~0.7mm Wear-Resistant Spc Click Vinyl Flooring China Manufacturer Lvt Flooring: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[En10305-1ASTM A513 Cold Drawn Heavy Wall Mechanical Seamless Honed Tube]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[3d Laser Scanners Of Italy Abruzzo]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Frosted Black Glass Aromatherapy Bottle Reed Diffuser Perfume Bottle 50/110/230ml]
Nitinol Disposable Guide Wire, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Breathable Surgical Paper Tape/ Micropore Medical Tape-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Outdoor 15kv Pole Mounted Automatic Circuit Recloser]
Nitinol Disposable Guide Wire,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Chinese Top Manufacturer Aluminium LED Profile for LED Linear Light]
Nitinol Disposable Guide Wire, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Fashion Wool Felt Lady Cloche Wide Brim Floppy Hat with Felt Bow, Part I.Crane Hook Qtz250 (7032) with 70m Jib Length. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes]
China Manufacturer Price Home 24V 250W Mono Poly PV Solar Cell Panel for Solar System, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Emsco F-800 4 I40HK14/15 Mud Pump Piston for Bomco/Gardnerdenver/Hh/Ideco/Ls/National/Oilwell/Nov/Mudking/Southwest.Diesel Truck Engine Parts 3306 Turbocharger for Caterpillar, 175-184[Limonite Tantalum Tin Dry Magnetic Separator]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Cold Press Circular Wood Cutting Machine Blade]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Online High Sensitivity Checkweigher with Pusher Bar. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Crystal Glass Rose Flower Wedding Table Decorations (JD-CF-100)]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
RF China Professional Manufacturer Direct Way Manual Ball ValveAuthor for correspondence