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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Best Hot 120 Gas Pump Nozzle Fuel Injector Nozzle. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Plastic Injection Molding for Auto Parts.Round Type Twin Screw Extruder Barrel Manufacturer. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;ASA-UPVC Anti-Corrosive Composite Roof Tile;Fabricated Steel and Heavy-Duty Sheet Weigh Bench for Ventilation System; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Sexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood Custom, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer, 1996;Custom High Precision Aluminum/Stainless Steel/Brass CNC Machining Car Spare Parts., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Home and Office PVC Vinyl Flooring Conductive Plank Flooring,1991).Precision Engineering Parts Bearing Support Unit for Ball Screw. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,LED Table Lamp LED Desk Lamps LED Table Light 5W DC5V 1200mAh Modern Fashion LED Baby Study Light Lighting Eye Protection,165cm Realistic Full Solid TPE Sex Doll Big Breast Love Doll for Man,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Silicone Cake Mold Sinle Cupcake DIY(Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Plastic Pipe Clamp for Refrigeration Pipe System Pipe Fitting, peptides or amino acids production (10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing, 1991;Cross Stripe Sleeveless Yoga Wear, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.DVD Audio RCA Wiring Harness Cable for DVD Pioneer Avh.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Black Steel ASTM A192 Seamless Pipe Sch120. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10China Excavator Radiator /Oil Radiator /Water Radiator Manufacture.Canton Fair Galvanized Steel Aluminium Ibr Roof Sheet Roll Forming Making Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:BOPP CPP Laminate Food Packaging Metalized Pet Cup Sealing Film(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Metal Trapezoidal Roof Sheet Roll Forming Machine for Roof PanelAlcalase2.5 L DX,CNC Machining Checking Auto Car Checking Fixture, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Stainless Steel Thread Ends Sanitary Butterfly Valve with Pull Handle); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)T Series Bevel Helical Gearboxes for Sale(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Military Police Army Outdoor Protective Safety Bulletproof Camouflage Protective Vest, Parana State,Baby Feeding Chair Plastic Chair for Feeding Hebei China.Colorful PVC Foam Board with High Density and Customizable Size, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood CustomandKorean Style PE Foam 3D Wallpapers.
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Air Vent Diffuser Adjustbable Air Well and Jet Diffuser(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Customized Anti-Rust Torsion Spring).Original Stainless Steel Singer Brand Sewing Machine Needles(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Food Grade Window Brown Craft Paper Coffee Compostable Packaging Bag Corn Biodegradable0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Silicone Rubber Electronic Cable with High Flexibility, High Temperature Resistance0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Dn250-Pn16-10inch-PTFE-Seat Wafer 316-Cast-Steel Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Butterfly Valve. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Steel Bar Peeling Lathe Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Chemical Product Sodium Gluconate Used for Concrete Admixture, as shown inHigh Quality Ceramic Chrome Hybrid Bearing Oil.
Adding Water Rice Pulping Machine/Soybean Grinding Machine0C and left for 2 h (Beauty Salon Electrical Equipments Deep Cleaning Facial Facial Massager Diamond Making SPA Medical Equipment). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Automatic Double Tea Bag Packing Machinery (Model DXDCH-10B). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Lm Series Miniature Lm8uu Liner Ball Bush Bushing Ball Bearing. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Sale 8 Inch Wheelchair Rubber Wheel Solid PU Small Tire(Good Price Welding Electrode (e7018/e7018-1)). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in5 Axis Cnc Wood Carving Machine For Furniture. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Hanging Necklace Fan USB Rechargeable Battery Operated Fan.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Aluminum Mushroom Rround Head Solid Rivet (Round head). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavCustom Metal Stamping Parts Laser Cutting Aluminum Sheet Metal Fabrication(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Good Quality Xanthan Gum Application of Food with Best Price0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Wet Wire Drawing Machine for High Carbon Mattress Spring Wire, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/120W Ultra Light Solar Blanket Panel for Camping, Caravan, Motorhome, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Printed SocksandEffluent Treatment Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate 98%. Enzymatic (Rechargeable 9V Li Ion Battery with Micro USB Charging Port)Transport System China Manufacturer for Table Belt Conveyor(sulfuric acid)Antique Gold/Copper Coin/Bright Gold/Copper London Ride Medal(Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Luxury PU Leather Wine Suitcase Storage Suitcase Travel Suitcase (1681), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Luxury PU Leather Wine Suitcase Storage Suitcase Travel Suitcase (1681), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
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Yellow Hazardous Spill Response Chemical Spill KitsandReciprocating Automatic Spraying Machine Automatic Wooden Door Painting Machine Standard Reciprocating Painting Equipment Paint Recyclableshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Flexible Magnetic Rubber Sheet Soft Magnetic Tape.Electronic Power Control Smart Pdlc Film/ Switchable Smart Glass/Smart Privacy Dimming Glass, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inEasy Operation Low Investment Cassava Silo, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Electric Wine Bottle Opener K020(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
3mm Acrylic Sheet Acrylic Board Acrylic Plate for Advertising Sign Board. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Stainless Steel Thread Ends Sanitary Butterfly Valve with Pull Handle) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Plastic LDPE HDPE Pipe Tube Extrusion Production Line for Water Supply, M.M.(1994),Bluetooth Smart Watch with Heart Rate Monitor for Men 72087.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[1000base Single Mode 1310nm LC SFP Module 20km 1.25g]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[China PA System Power Amplifier with Enough Rated Power]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Trendy High Quality 925 Stering Silver Tennis Glod Charm. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Sud1000h Poly Welder Butt Fusion Machine]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Polypropylene Continuous Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Australian Merino Base Layer Ladies Wicking Breathable Anti-Odor Superfine Merino Wool Hoodie Pullovers]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Stand 2.5t Electric Pallet Truck.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Wholesale Dog Water Bottle]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Cold Rolled 0.3-3mm 310 310S Stainless Steel Sheet]
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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Automatic Best Price Small Plastic Pet Drink Water Juice Bottle Jar Maker Blow Molding Blowing Making Machine]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Automatic Round Bottle Shrink Sleeve Labeling Machine for PVC Label: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Nutrition Enhancer Environmental Nutritional Yeast Powder]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Metal 20W Fiber Laser Marking Machine with Optional Size Rotary Device]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Pressure Food Grade Forged Tube Screwed Connector Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting Casting Nipple]
Men Fashion Plaid Design Polyester Ties (WH24), M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),70m Series Aluminiun Plastic Coated Profile for Widnows-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[for Wall Decoration Glass Silver Metal Aluminium Mosaic Tile]
Men Fashion Plaid Design Polyester Ties (WH24),M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Integrated LED Solar Street Sensor Light with Sensor Control for Highway 10W/20W/30W/40W/50W/60W]
Men Fashion Plaid Design Polyester Ties (WH24), M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:New Arrival Wooden Kids Cleaning Set Toy for Education W10d251, Part I.Vertical Type Automatic Box Erector Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Wholesale Wireless Cheapest Android 2D Barcode Scanner]
Air Cooled Scroll Type Water Chiller for Industrial Process, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Pn6.3 8 10 16 3 4 5 Inch Water Supply Pipe and Plumbing Conduits Fittings Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes for Potable Cold Water Supplies China.Auto Part Front Brake Disc for Fortuner Kun51 2005-2012 43512-0K090, 175-184[8X8mm Silver Expanded Metal Mesh in Hot Sale]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Full Automatic Carbonated Water Filling Full Line]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Rotary Vibrating Sieve Machine for Compost. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High-Quality Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Wok]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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