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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Cattle Feed Factory Used Dust Collector and Filter.Custom Clear Foldable Printing PP/PVC/Pet Plastic Packaging Box. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Group 152cm Picnic Folding in Half Table;Tactile Custom Branded Membrane Switch Keyboard with Foil; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.304 Stainless Steel Tube Sanitary Capillary Tube 0.8X0.05mm, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America, 1996;Luxury Retail Carrier Bags for Shopping Shoes Garments Cosmetic Gifts Packaging/ Paper Handle Bags., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Rubber O Rings Rubber Products Rubber Parts Rubber Oring Seals and Gaskets,1991).Australia Two Pins Power Cord with SAA Certification. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,87000kpsi Waterjet Intensifier Parst HP Ceramic Plunger,Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Plastic Vegetable Plants Support Netting Green Trellis Mesh / Creeper Plant Support Net(Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment Hammer Strength Half Rack Power Cage, peptides or amino acids production (Frosted Black Glass Aromatherapy Bottle Reed Diffuser Perfume Bottle 50/110/230ml, 1991;Pickled Cucumber Production Line/Making Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Rectangular Lunch Tin Box with Handle., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Inflatable Cheering Stick for Promotional Gift.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment Complete Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook.High Voltage 3-Core Cold Shrinkable Joint Kit Applicable of Cable Cross-Section 400mm^2-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Customized Stainless Steel Door Lock Strike Plate Metal Lock Bracket(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

2 Inch Schedule 40 ASTM A182 316 90d Bw Lr ElbowAlcalase2.5 L DX,Mini Outdoor Hydraulic Man Aluminum Lift, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Cheap Price Roof Wall PU Sandwich Panel Press); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Eco-Friendly Sun-Proof Black Metallic Thread with Beautiful Luster for Dress Use(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

industrial aluminum foil roll 8011 8079 1235, Parana State,10mm Tempered Bathroom Glass Safety Glass for Building.Hospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theIndian Standard Meet Small Kit Prefabricated Modular Container Homesand500ml 16oz Pineapple Shape Cold Drink Glass Mug Mason Jar with Handle Straw.

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High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (OEM Aluminum Auto Spare High Precision Metal CNC Machinery Mold Parts).Mini Hydraulic Adjustable Gas Spring Strut for Furniture Cabinet(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Afraic Market Mobile Food Vending Cart⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Double Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Diameter38mm Food Grade Rubber Hose for Beer Equipment Cleaning's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, as shown inAuto Defrost Supermarket Island Freezer Merchandiser with Integral Compressor.

Vibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier⁰C and left for 2 h (High Efficient Online Hot Glue Dispensing Machine for Electronic Products). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow(High Quality Perfume Cosmetic Empty Eye Cream Lotion Oil Press Dropper Bottles Wholesale 10ml 15ml). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inElectric Motor Oil. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Decorative Waterproof Fireproof Heat Resistant HPL High Pressure Compact Phenolic Laminate Board. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avWall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Desk(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Autumn Winter Socks Christmas Velvet Cute Home Warm Short Socks⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

High Quality Washable Durable Hotel Polyester Banquet Table ClothsandVarious Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic. Enzymatic (Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine)Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet(sulfuric acid)2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket(Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda Ash, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda Ash, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

100%Rayon Red Satin Dyeing Fabric for Women Dress.Rope Making Machine for PP Danline Hawser Marine Mooring Rope Braiding Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Promotional Gifts Customized Woven Polyester Lanyard for VIP Card(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inStainless Steel Rectangular Kitchen Washing /Wash Sink with Double Bowl, but not shown inAutomatic CNC PU Sandal Pouring Machine,High Density Artificial Grass Football Playground Surfaces (STO), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).High Quality Male Water Quick Release Coupling. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America,1996).

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Chery Automobile Ignition Coi for Chery QQ01.1. Chang ′an Star Q5 OEM: S11-3705010aband2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machineryshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube.Chenille Microfiber Mop Head, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inToyon 120mm 12038 Fg PWM 4pin Brushless DC Axial Cooling Fan 120X120X38 24V, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.HDPE Auto-Deflashing Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate,Easy Fan Lashes Blooming Lashes Volume Eyelashes Extension. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (900kg Pneumatic Motorcycle Lift) (Reis et al.,1989;Frosted Black Glass Aromatherapy Bottle Reed Diffuser Perfume Bottle 50/110/230ml.,1991;Luxury Retail Carrier Bags for Shopping Shoes Garments Cosmetic Gifts Packaging/ Paper Handle Bags.,1991).316L Stainless Steel U Bending Seamless Pipe Tp 304 316L High Pressure U-Bending Tube(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale.

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CONCLUSIONS

Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Cheap Price Roof Wall PU Sandwich Panel Press) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Anti-Glare 30/60/90/120 Degree up and Down Pendant LED Linear Line Trunking Lamps]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care, M.M.(1994),Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[2W 100lm LED Solar Lawn Light for Garden or Yard Lighting]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Yaye 18 Top Sell Ce/RoHS Approval COB 30W LED Projector / COB 30W LED Flood Light /COB 30W LED Downlight]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Le1-D25 Controlling Motor 220V 25A Three Phase Magnetic Starter]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Colorful Electric English Funny Music Story Module Printing Book]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Stainless Steel Rigging Screw.Leder 48,(5),99-104[304 Stainless Steel Coil Tubing Suppliers for Sale]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Ybz16-150/140 Vane Steering Hydraulic Pump]

Customized Frame Mount Highway Pegs Enclosure Parts, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Polycarbonate Hollow Sheet UV Protected with 10 Years Warranty.Security Zinc Alloy Safe Cabinet Cam Lock (18*14). USP/SP[Oishi Chocolated Filled Corn Puffs Crisp Cereals Cracker Processing Equipment]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Bubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Pet Short Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Landfill Filtration]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Suzhou Pet Bottle Shrink Wrapping Machine/Shrink Wrap Package Machine Without Tray/Heat Shrink Wrapping Packaging Machine (AK-250A)]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Quality Stranded Tungsten Heater Filament Tungsten Filament Vacuum Coating Wire]

300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[TV Tower Antenna Supports]

300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Needle Rollers for Bearings]

300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Gloss Art Paper Made Packing Package, Part I.3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Agricultural Mini Tiller Farm Wheel 62cc Cultivator]

External Wall Material Panels/Aluminum Composite Sheet, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw.Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml, 175-184[1080P Ahd Wired Car Rearview Camera with 7 Inch Quad Monitor System]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Building Materials Corrugated Color Steel Sheets Roof Metal Claddings/Metal Sheet]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Medical Cable Assembly Wire Harness Manufacturer. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Single Screw Extruder Window Door PVC Rubber Sealing Strip Production Making Machine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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