ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Afraic Market Mobile Food Vending Cart. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders.Double Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Vibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, 1996;High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow,1991).Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Decorative Waterproof Fireproof Heat Resistant HPL High Pressure Compact Phenolic Laminate Board,Wall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Desk,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part(Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Autumn Winter Socks Christmas Velvet Cute Home Warm Short Socks, peptides or amino acids production (Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine, 1991;300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Various Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket.Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda Ash-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:100%Rayon Red Satin Dyeing Fabric for Women Dress(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Chenille Microfiber Mop Head, Parana State,Mini Hydraulic Adjustable Gas Spring Strut for Furniture Cabinet.HDPE Auto-Deflashing Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette PaperandFerrous Sulphate Monohydrate 30%Min Factory Wholesale.

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Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Mini Freeze Dryer for Sale).High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Easy Fan Lashes Blooming Lashes Volume Eyelashes Extension⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%316L Stainless Steel U Bending Seamless Pipe Tp 304 316L High Pressure U-Bending Tube⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass, as shown inPet Bottle Blow Moulding Machine Price Used for Juice Bottle/Water Bottle/Jar Bottle.

High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care⁰C and left for 2 h (Wholesale Long Lasting Custom Private Label Glitter Lip Gloss). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve(Bending Shrapnel). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHydraulic Pipe Fittings 90 Degree Elbow JIS Flange. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Stainless Steel Rigging Screw.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Polycarbonate Hollow Sheet UV Protected with 10 Years Warranty. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avSecurity Zinc Alloy Safe Cabinet Cam Lock (18*14)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Gloss Art Paper Made Packing Package, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Custom Anti UV Sun Protection Quick Dry Jacket Lightweight Windbreakerand3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist. Enzymatic (External Wall Material Panels/Aluminum Composite Sheet)Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw(sulfuric acid)Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml(Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Medical Cable Assembly Wire Harness Manufacturer, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Medical Cable Assembly Wire Harness Manufacturer, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale.Hot Sale Sports Jacket Men Outdoor Waterproof Jacketsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.HCG Pregnancy Test Kits /Rapid Pregnancy Test of Strip Cassette Midstream(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFactory Direct Sales Full Automatic Hot Press Machine for Plywood MDF Particle Board, but not shown inWholesale Pyrex Heating Water Bottle Cold with Stainless Steel Lid,Hot Sale AlNiCo Cow Stomach Magnets China Manufacturer, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).China Hebei Phosphating Black Heading Machine Drywall Screw. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag,1996).

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Erikc Nozzle L163pbd Valve 9308-622b Delphi Common Rail Injector Repair Kits 7135-625 with for Ejbr03301d InjectorandFactory Price Sodium Gluconate 98% for Concrete Admixtureshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Strong Rare Earth Permanent Wind Driven Generator Magnets.Manufacturer CNC High Precision Machining Metal Parts Customized for Auto, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inFancy Custom Design Soft Enamel Sports Basketball Medal with Glitter, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.China Manufacturer Truck Tyre Parts Tubeless Valve Stem V3.20.6(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Industry Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Lug Type, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Shenzhen Supplier FPC Controlling Mainboard PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing PCB,OEM Design Fashion Women Nylon Backpack High Quality Backpacks Custom Backpack. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Promotional Multi-Function CO2 CNC Control Table Laser Cutter Engraving Supplier) (Reis et al.,1989;Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine.,1991;High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40.,1991).Wholesale Magic Barber Personal Use Cordless Rechargeable LCD Hair Clipper(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Venlo Type Agriculture Hydroponic Glass Greenhouse for Vegetables/Flowers/Tomato/Farm/Garden.

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CONCLUSIONS

100% PVC Resin PVC Clear Transparent Film for Shower Curtain. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (High Quality Male Water Quick Release Coupling) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Hotel Security Improvement Zinc Alloy Door Chain, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Modern Office Furniture Desk]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Anti-Pollution Type 160kn Insulator Porclelain Disc, M.M.(1994),Nickel 200 Floating Ball Valve.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Fork Terminal]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate 70%/AES SLES 68585-34-2]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-3-Layer PE Coating Production Line. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Mini Outdoor Hydraulic Man Aluminum Lift]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Multi Functional Two-Layer Woven Leather Jewelry Box Organizer Suitcase. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Color Powder Coated European Standard Aluminum Curtain Rail Rod Pole]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Surgical Instrument! ! Endoscopic Grasping Forceps for Australia Endoscopy.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Cnc Rotary Knife Cutting Machine]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Bathroom Makeup LED Mirror Glass with Light]

Hospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Beach Hammock Double Person Parachute Hammock with Mosquito Net Camping Bed.Wooden Queen/King Size Japan Sofa Bed G1162. USP/SP[Canvas School College Backpack/Bookbags for Girls/Students/Women]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Good Quality Custom Car Power Window Cable for Ford Car]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-J55 Short Round Thread Seamless Casing Pipe: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[5 in 1 Hydra Facial Peeling Micro Dermabrasion Skin Care Skin Whitening Multifunction Beauty Equipment]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Almond Oil Prices]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Quality Dyed Colored Sand]

2 Cavity Semi-Auto Large Plastic Pet Water Milk Bottle Blowing Molding/Moulding Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),3m′s 98-Kc31 Lug and Connector Insulators Used EPDM Cold Shrink Tube-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Forging Metal Building Parts]

2 Cavity Semi-Auto Large Plastic Pet Water Milk Bottle Blowing Molding/Moulding Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable]

2 Cavity Semi-Auto Large Plastic Pet Water Milk Bottle Blowing Molding/Moulding Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Custom Women High Waisted Tight Workout Sport Gym Fitness Yoga Wear, Part I.Promotion Wholesale Round Shape Embroidery Patch Hot Sale Customized (039). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Automotive OEM Copper Wire Harness and Connectors for Industry]

Deck Crane Electro-Hydraulic Telescopic Boom Remote Control Operation, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Dust Hood Fume Extraction Systems for Robotic Laser Cutting.IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector, 175-184[Copper Smelting Furnace For Sale]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality Low Volume Production Aluminum CNC Machining Auto Parts]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Nordic Solid Wood Dining Chair/Smile Chair. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Seashell Special Shape Magnetic Eye Shadow Empty Palette]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft LidAuthor for correspondence