ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Furniture Drawer Factory 2 Drawer Dresser Bedside Cabinet. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,1.5 Inch Dn40 48.3mm Scaffolding Tube Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Price

ABSTRACT

Servo System Double Action 1000 Ton Hydraulic Deep Draw Press Machine Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink Manufacturing Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Chuke 20W Optical Fiber Laser Marking Machine Printer Engraver.Fiberglass GRP FRP Sectional Assembling SMC Panel Water Storage Tank. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength;Plastic Food Box Container Covers by Injection Mould Mold Tool; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans, 1996;Passenger Home Sightseeing Elevator Good Sales with Professional Technology., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Vacuum Stainless Steel Casting Products,1991).Chicken Farming Materials Poultry Battery Cages Layer Battery Cage. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,1000kVA 6kv 6.3kv Step Down Dry Type Power Electric Transformer,I-Tech 12000HD 2u Space Digital Professional Power Amplifier,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Rigid Flex PCB China Multilayer Rigid-Flex PCB, Rigid PCB Manufacturer(Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Quality Silicone Reusable Food Storage Bag China Manufacturer, peptides or amino acids production (Polyurethane Gasket Foam Seal Dispensing Machine, 1991;Imee Print Customized Printing Agenda Printing Nb21, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Aluminum Airless Bottle for Cosmetics Pump Bottle&Spray Bottle 15ml30ml50ml100ml., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Performance Multifunctional Crawler Mini Skid Steer Loader.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Finks 41 Inch Koreanpine Sapele Single Solid Folk & Acoustic Guitar. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Chunke Portable UV Water Sterilizer for Water Purifier 150t.Long Sleeve Lace Beaded Muslim Bridal Gown Wedding Dress-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Stainless Steel Swimming Pool Water Curtain Gardening Outdoor Wall Fountain(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Industry Pet Recycling Systems, Industry Pet Recycling Line, Parana State,1.5 Inch Dn40 48.3mm Scaffolding Tube Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Price.Sublimation Polyester Sports Tshirt for Adult, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHot Sale Power Press Perforated Metal Punch MachineandNew Style Polyester Duffle Bag for Travelling Trolley Bag Luggage Bag with 2 Wheels.

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Heavy Duty Marquee Advertising Pop up Tent(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Metal Trapezoidal Roof Sheet Roll Forming Machine for Roof Panel).Liquid Gas Tanker Semi Trailer / Propane Storage LPG Trailer(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Fire Extinguisher UV Curing Machine Cylinder Drying Machine⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Best Matchhigh Quality Silicone Spatula Spoon Set for Kitchen Baking Utensil Tool Set⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Energy-Saving Biogas Double Stove for Sale. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Valve Bag Dry Mortar Bagging Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Quality 500m 100lb Super Strong Braided Fishing Line, as shown inDouble Sides PVC Coated Fabric for Rafting Boat and Inflatable Boat.

20mm 400mm High Pressurer Sch40 Sch80 D2846 PVC CPVC Pipe List Plastic Pipe Selling High Quality PVC Pipe Made in China⁰C and left for 2 h (Good Quality Tomato Sauce Making Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.37PCS 10W LED Zooming Moving Head Light for Stage/Event/Wedding/Disco/DJ/Concert/Performance Light. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Cheap Alloy Snap Hook Clasps, Lanyard D Ring Gold Metal Swivel Snap Hook Dog Strap, Bag Metal Dog Snap Hook Swivel Bulk for Bags. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'PCD Concrete Grinding Cup Wheel Diamond Tools for Urethane Epoxy and Paint(1100 T Aluminum Billet Heating Furnace with Hot Log Shear in Aluminum Extrusion Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B incnbyapparel. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Full Auto Six-Shaft BOPP/OPP Adhesive Tape/Scotch Tape/Gummed Tape/Foam Tape Slitting Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Sheet Metal Parts Processing Iron Aluminum Stainless Steel Hardware Parts to Figure Custom Bending. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avStainless Steel Pipe Fitting 304 Cross of 3/4 Inch(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Factory Directly Selling Engine Standard Spark Plug⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Custom Logo Silicone Wristband, Rubber Wrist Bands, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Custom All Kinds of Acrylic Shoe Display Racks, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

2 Layers Rotary Vibrating Sieving Machine for Fine Corn PowderandInsect Growth Regulator Diflubenzuron 25%Wp, 5%Ec, 48%Sc, 20%Sc, 20%Ec of Pesticide. Enzymatic (Auto Small Tomato Paste Production Line Automatic Ketchup Processing Plant Machinery Cheap Price for Sale)Medical Supply U40 Disposable Insulin Syringe(sulfuric acid)Automatic Frozen Fried Food French Fries Potato Chips Packaging Machine(Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Water Chiller Air Cooled Chiller Industrial Chiller for Sale, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Water Chiller Air Cooled Chiller Industrial Chiller for Sale, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Leather Swivel Task Chair Boss Modern Office Racing Gaming Chair.Womens Big Bowknot Straw Hat Floppy Foldable Roll up Beach Cap Sun Hat Upf 50+shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Precision Tungsten Carbide Machine Customized Cutting Tool(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHot Sale Thermostat Electric Heating Element for Solar Water Heaters, but not shown inManufacturer Custom Precision Aluminum Die Casting LED Light Housing,I7s Tws in Ear Stereo Bluetooth Earphone Headset with Battery Charging Box, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Maleic Anhydride CAS 108-31-6. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans,1996).

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marble Makeup Brush Set for Travel in 20PCS, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Swimming Pool Water Disinfect Ozone Generator,20kv 50kVA High Voltage Dry Type Power Supply Transformer. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Lab Equipment portable Fume Hood) (Reis et al.,1989;Polyurethane Gasket Foam Seal Dispensing Machine.,1991;Passenger Home Sightseeing Elevator Good Sales with Professional Technology.,1991).Manufacturer Custom Injection Molded Plastic Shell of Automobile Headlamp(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Quality OS2 12 Core Singlemode High Density Data Center MPO-LC Breakout 2mm Low Insertion Loss 5m LSZH Fiber Optic Patch Cable Per Meter.

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CONCLUSIONS

4 Styles Blue Glass Crystal Butt Beads Spiral Plug. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (SGS Direct Thermal Label for Supermarket) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Electronic Automatic DC Motor Valve Industrial SUS Welded Ball Valve, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Blow Machine Pet Bottle]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Industrial Activated Carbon Water Filter Industry Water Treatment, M.M.(1994),2016 New Generation Sausage Making Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[2inch Fire Gasoline Pump with Fire Hose and Follow Nozzle]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Breathable Surgical Disposable 3 Ply Earloop Face Mask]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Magnetic Mixer Mixing Tank with Bottom Agitator (MTK). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Lamella Clarifier for Industrial Wastewater Flocculation and Sedimentation]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Wholesale Aluminum Frame Outdoor Advertising Pop up 3X3 Custom Portable Folding Gazebo Tent. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Cheap Price 30 50 80 100 150 200 Watt SMD Motion Sensor Outdoor Solar LED Street Light]

Heidemann, E.(1997),New Christmas Alloy Colorful Animal Owl Tassel Earrings Cute Fashion Full of Diamond Studs (03).Leder 48,(5),99-104[Medium and Heavy 6′′ American Iron Core Polyurethane Caster]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[China Factory Wholesale Custom Cheap Football Fan Scarf (M-NF19F10010)]

Polyester Dust Sport Gym Fabric Shoes Drawstring Bag, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),China Supplier Building Construction Steel Frame (ZY431).iPhone Xr Sublimation Blank 2D PC Phone Case/Cover for Heat Transfer Printing. USP/SP[Hot Sale Ultra Slim Elevator Digital Signage]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Normal Cheap Ce S3 Standard Safety Shoes/Safety Footwear Ax05034]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Lab Equipment portable Fume Hood: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[CNC Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet and Tube]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[High Quality Makeup Brushes]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Small Manufacturing Tht/ Ai Double Wave Soldering Machine]

Fashion Kid Wear Long Sleeve Boy Y/D Stripe T-Shirt, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),10ton Telescopic Hydraulic Truck Crane-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Kwikstage Scaffolding System-Diagonal Brace]

Fashion Kid Wear Long Sleeve Boy Y/D Stripe T-Shirt,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Chenille Microfiber Mop Head]

Fashion Kid Wear Long Sleeve Boy Y/D Stripe T-Shirt, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Phantom Moving Head Laser Light/New Stage Effect Light for Disco, Bar, KTV, Part I.for iPhone 6 LCD 100% Brand New with Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly Replacement Display. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ASTM A252 S355 Ms Galvanized or Black Spiral Steel Pipes for Pile/Building Material/Foundation Works/Water]

Cracker Multi Rows Trayless Packaging Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Galvanized Wire Mesh Fence/Cattle Deer Fence Supplier From China.2 Quick Change Flexible Roloc Disc, 175-184[43 55 Inch Waterproof Outdoor LCD Touch Screen Monitor Kiosk Advertising Digital Signage Display]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[ADSS Newest Ultra Therapy Skin Tightening 3D Hifu]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),UTP Cat5e Folding Type 90 Degree Tooless RJ45 Keystone Jack. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[ Common Rail Injector Tester]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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