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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-High Quality Acrylic Beer Display Racks with LED. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Blank Personalized Engraved Plaques Name Metal Art Crafts Plating Copper 3D Marathon Sports Medal with Customized Design (MD04-C)
ABSTRACT
Baby Feeding Chair Plastic Chair for Feeding Hebei China. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Best Hot 120 Gas Pump Nozzle Fuel Injector Nozzle.Plastic Injection Molding for Auto Parts. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Round Type Twin Screw Extruder Barrel Manufacturer;ASA-UPVC Anti-Corrosive Composite Roof Tile; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Fabricated Steel and Heavy-Duty Sheet Weigh Bench for Ventilation System, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Sexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood Custom, 1996;Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Custom High Precision Aluminum/Stainless Steel/Brass CNC Machining Car Spare Parts,1991).Home and Office PVC Vinyl Flooring Conductive Plank Flooring. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Precision Engineering Parts Bearing Support Unit for Ball Screw,LED Table Lamp LED Desk Lamps LED Table Light 5W DC5V 1200mAh Modern Fashion LED Baby Study Light Lighting Eye Protection,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,165cm Realistic Full Solid TPE Sex Doll Big Breast Love Doll for Man(Sexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood Custom, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Silicone Cake Mold Sinle Cupcake DIY, peptides or amino acids production (Plastic Pipe Clamp for Refrigeration Pipe System Pipe Fitting, 1991;10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Cross Stripe Sleeveless Yoga Wear., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-DVD Audio RCA Wiring Harness Cable for DVD Pioneer Avh. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Sexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood Custom, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Black Steel ASTM A192 Seamless Pipe Sch120.China Excavator Radiator /Oil Radiator /Water Radiator Manufacture-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Canton Fair Galvanized Steel Aluminium Ibr Roof Sheet Roll Forming Making Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
T Series Bevel Helical Gearboxes for Sale, Parana State,Blank Personalized Engraved Plaques Name Metal Art Crafts Plating Copper 3D Marathon Sports Medal with Customized Design (MD04-C).Military Police Army Outdoor Protective Safety Bulletproof Camouflage Protective Vest, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Sexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood Custom, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMilitary Police Army Outdoor Protective Safety Bulletproof Camouflage Protective VestandPolycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer.
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Colorful PVC Foam Board with High Density and Customizable Size(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Auto Spare Parts 12629037 Ignition Coil for Cadillac).Air Vent Diffuser Adjustbable Air Well and Jet Diffuser(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Original Stainless Steel Singer Brand Sewing Machine Needles0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Food Grade Window Brown Craft Paper Coffee Compostable Packaging Bag Corn Biodegradable0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Silicone Rubber Electronic Cable with High Flexibility, High Temperature Resistance. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Dn250-Pn16-10inch-PTFE-Seat Wafer 316-Cast-Steel Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Butterfly Valve's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Steel Bar Peeling Lathe Machine, as shown inCustom Golden Security Variable Printed 3D Anti-Faked Hologram Sticker Waterproof Printing.
Chemical Product Sodium Gluconate Used for Concrete Admixture0C and left for 2 h (St1000 Fire Resistant Steel Cord Rubber Belt). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Adding Water Rice Pulping Machine/Soybean Grinding Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Automatic Double Tea Bag Packing Machinery (Model DXDCH-10B). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Lm Series Miniature Lm8uu Liner Ball Bush Bushing Ball Bearing(Desktop 3-Axis Automatic Fluid Dispensing Machine with Case and Monitor). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inVibrating Feeder Hopper. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Hot Sale 8 Inch Wheelchair Rubber Wheel Solid PU Small Tire.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hanging Necklace Fan USB Rechargeable Battery Operated Fan. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAluminum Mushroom Rround Head Solid Rivet (Round head)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Warm Women Suede Leisure Snow Boots for Winter (FF-1)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Good Quality Xanthan Gum Application of Food with Best Price, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Wet Wire Drawing Machine for High Carbon Mattress Spring Wire, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Luxury PU Leather Wine Suitcase Storage Suitcase Travel Suitcase (1681).High Quality Product IP66 Waterproof 3 Pin Industrial Straight Plug and Socketshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in Color Coated Aluminum Coils, but not shown inHigh Performance Multifunctional Crawler Mini Skid Steer Loader,Ferrite Core for Power Transformer (Ee16e), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Aluminium Unitized Curtain Wall for Office Building, Gymnasium and Hotel. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Sexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood Custom,1996).
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Ye3 Ie3 Premium Efficiency IC411 Tefc Three Phase AC Electric Induction Motor High Pressure Washer Ye3-160L-2 18.5kwandTop China Forklift Supplier & Manufacturershow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-China Manufacturer Wallpaper House Decoration Wall Paper.Flexible Magnetic Rubber Sheet Soft Magnetic Tape, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCustom Printed Paper Cardboard Slidie Jewelry Gift Packing Box, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Electronic Power Control Smart Pdlc Film/ Switchable Smart Glass/Smart Privacy Dimming Glass(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Electric Wine Bottle Opener K020, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Modern Etch Web Pendant Lights Stainless Steel Lampshade for Home Decor Lamp Fixtures Kitchen,China Battery Factory Direct Sale OEM 36V 2.6ah Lithium Battery. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Original Cummins Diesel Engine Spare Parts Flywheel Ring Gear) (Reis et al.,1989;Plastic Pipe Clamp for Refrigeration Pipe System Pipe Fitting.,1991;Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer.,1991).China Factory Wholesale Custom Cheap Football Fan Scarf (M-NF19F10010)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Spine Shape Landscaping Artificial Turf Grass.
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CONCLUSIONS
08bsb 40sb Double Flex Chain Alloy Steel Transmission Side Bow Chain. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (CNC Machining Checking Auto Car Checking Fixture) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
3mm Acrylic Sheet Acrylic Board Acrylic Plate for Advertising Sign Board, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Portable Air Purifier HEPA Filter for Personal Room]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Diesel Engine Type Zzs Sand Vibrating Screen, M.M.(1994),Plastic LDPE HDPE Pipe Tube Extrusion Production Line for Water Supply.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ID25mm Od86mm Standard Through Hole Slip Ring]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Cheap Factory Price Wholesale Mini Vape Disposable Pod Vape Refillable Device]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Bluetooth Smart Watch with Heart Rate Monitor for Men 72087. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Digital Lock Electronic Door Lock Password Keypad Number for Cabinet Door]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Trendy High Quality 925 Stering Silver Tennis Glod Charm. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Comfortable Two Piece Women Fitness Clothing for Gym Wear]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Polypropylene Continuous Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites.Leder 48,(5),99-104[1500nit Outdoor Touch Monitor Suppliers for Sale]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Stainless Steel Precision Investment Casting Valve Parts for Transmission Gearbox]
Quality Assurance 6000W Inverter for Solar Panel 5kw/6kw Power Inverter, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Stand 2.5t Electric Pallet Truck.Full Body Neck Back Buttocks Vibrating Car Seat Massage Cushion. USP/SP[Good Day HOWO 4X2 5000liters 6000liters LPG Dispenser Truck]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[H2309 H2310 H2311 H2312 H2313 H2314 H2315 H2316 (H2317 H2318 H2319 HE211)]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Racket Shape Flat Bamboo Sticks Kabob BBQ Skewers: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Heat Exchanger Sheet Boile Water Pipe Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[World First Inline Pick and Place Machine for 1200mm LED]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Stainless Steel Expansion Anchor Bolt Steel Zinc Plated]
Automatic Round Bottle Shrink Sleeve Labeling Machine for PVC Label, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Men Fashion Plaid Design Polyester Ties (WH24)-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Load 1600kg Small Machine Room Bed Elevator]
Automatic Round Bottle Shrink Sleeve Labeling Machine for PVC Label,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[FTTH Embedded Type Sc Fiber Optic Fast Connector]
Automatic Round Bottle Shrink Sleeve Labeling Machine for PVC Label, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:70m Series Aluminiun Plastic Coated Profile for Widnows, Part I.New Arrival Wooden Kids Cleaning Set Toy for Education W10d251. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Industry 0.002mm Accuracy Checking Fixture]
Vertical Type Automatic Box Erector Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Air Cooled Scroll Type Water Chiller for Industrial Process.Pn6.3 8 10 16 3 4 5 Inch Water Supply Pipe and Plumbing Conduits Fittings Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes for Potable Cold Water Supplies China, 175-184[China 30 Ton Crawler Crane]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Impact Sound Isolation Wall Clip]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Auto Part Front Brake Disc for Fortuner Kun51 2005-2012 43512-0K090. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[AISI 410 Stainless Steel Galvanized Wire for Making Scourer]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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