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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Outdoor Concert Stage Equipment Aluminum Stage Portable Stage. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Invt Bd 3-5kw Hybrid Solar Power Inverter for Solar Power System Home.22*30mm 12SMD 5050 LED Reading Light for Car. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Outdoor Cheap Portable Stage Aluminum Truss Stage, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (One Arm Motorized Multifunction Hospital Equipment for China Supply, 1996;Custom Anodized Aluminum Bending Parts Sheet Metal Stamping Parts., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (P3.91 500X500mm Indoor Portbale Flexible LED Curtain Display,1991).Vertical Granule Grain/Peanuts/Seeds/Sugar/Rice Packing Automatic Filling Packaging Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Profile 60X60mm Aluminum Body Pendant Mount LED Ring Light Circular Profile Lighting Fittings,Metallurgy Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter Equipment From Hengchang machinery,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Printed Wristband Cotton Wristband RFID Woven Wristband(One Arm Motorized Multifunction Hospital Equipment for China Supply, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Quality Wholesale Clear 50ml Flat Square Crimped Glass Bottles, peptides or amino acids production (Dolphin Designed Handheld Massager (LC-889), 1991;Real Leather Wallet Mens Designer Leather Wallets, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;ASTM A240 321 Stainless Steel Sheet Price Per Kg., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.V6 Wireless Premium Stereo Portable Bluetooth Speaker for Indoor/Outdoor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Promotional Plain Silver Empty Hinged Rectangular Tin Box. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (One Arm Motorized Multifunction Hospital Equipment for China Supply, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Explosion-Proof Hydraulic Crawler Excavator with Quick Coupling.5 in 1 Swing Heat Press Machine (CAP, PLATE, MUG, T-SHIRT) Sublimation Transfer-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Butyl Glue Self-Adhesive Tape with Radian, Caulk Strip Trim Tape (38mm)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

CNC Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet and Tube, Parana State,Herbs and Spices Solar Drier Mobile Solar Flower Vegetable Fruit Drying Machine.Environmental Tester CCT Salt Fog Spray Cyclic Corrosion Test Cabinets, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (One Arm Motorized Multifunction Hospital Equipment for China Supply, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the3D Embossed Iron on Label Clothing Heat Transfer LabelandLED Solar Powered Traffic Blinking Emergency Light.

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Fingerprint Door Lock Smart Lock Padlock Hi-Tech for Door Security(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Sexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood Custom).Custom Logo Resealable Zipper Standing Pouch Food Snack Plastic Packing Bag with Hang Hole(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Atf-805 Auto Car Transmission System Flushing Machine with SGS/Ce Approval0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Cop with Titanium Heat Exchanger 28-32 Degree Swimming Pool Heat Pump0C for 2 h. After this treatment,10 M City Bus Benz Chassis Birkom Shock Absorber Maintain Spare Parts Damper. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)300ton/H Mobile Sub Base Soil Mixing Plant for Road Construction's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)BS 5163 Ductile Iron Rising Stem Gate Valve, as shown inKorean Style PE Foam 3D Wallpapers.

CNC Aluminum Sheet Press Brake0C and left for 2 h (50m Depth Long Range Metal Detector with Reliable Quality). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.ID25mm Od86mm Standard Through Hole Slip Ring. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Rigid Click Plank PVC Spc Vinyl Flooring Plank with IXPE Padding. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Bio Media(Customized Anti-Rust Torsion Spring). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inElectronics Customized FPC Connector Rigid/Flexible PCB Manufacturer. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Wood Sawdust Powder Gas Flow Dryer Sawdust Drying Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Platform Trolley with 150kg Capacity, 4 Castor Wheel. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPaper Pulp Egg Tray Machine Fruit/ Egg Tray Plate Carton Box Making Forming Packaging Producing Manufacturing Production Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.All Size Colored Tapping Hex Head Self Drill Screw Wood Screw0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Pre-Engineered Cage Broiler Poultry Farm Building, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Alumina Ball with High Quality, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Fully Automatic C Z Purlin Cold Roll Forming Machinery, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Dust Collector Filter Bag Aramid Nomex Sock Filter Bag for Cement Plant,Best Selling Southeast Asia Leather Safety Toe Puncture Resistant Penetration Resistant Protective Shoes. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Reciprocating Automatic Spraying Machine Automatic Wooden Door Painting Machine Standard Reciprocating Painting Equipment Paint Recyclable) (Reis et al.,1989;Dolphin Designed Handheld Massager (LC-889).,1991;Custom Anodized Aluminum Bending Parts Sheet Metal Stamping Parts.,1991).En1092-1 05 Pn16 Blind Flat Face Flange(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Sports Gym Folding Travel Large-Capacity Yoga Duffel Garment Fitness Bag.

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CONCLUSIONS

Peristaltic Pump with Connecting The High Speed Tubular Separator. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Cantilever Oxygen Plasma Cutter 80) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

High Competitive Commercial Single-Span Arch Type Film Greenhouse with Hydroponics Growing System for Agriculture/ Poultry/ Vegetables/ Tomatoes/ Seeding, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[300W-2kw Solar Panel and Wind Turbine Hybrid System]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,LED Bulb Light with Remote Control RGB Christmas Bulb, M.M.(1994),Home Decoration Kids Toy Promotion Eyeglass Plastic Mould.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Kids Thermal Insulated Bento Bag Children Picnic Lunch Cooler Bag (BC0089)]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Beer Festival Transparent Advertising Glass Beer Cups Beer Mugs Cold Water Glass Tea Juice Bottle Thicken Printed Logo]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Hot Sale Ultra Slim Elevator Digital Signage, Elevator LCD Advertising Player, Elevator LCD Advertising Display. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Full Color Child Book Printing Service]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Good Price Gi/PPGI Roofing Sheet in China. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[1000base Single Mode 1310nm LC SFP Module 20km 1.25g]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[China PA System Power Amplifier with Enough Rated Power]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Australian Merino Base Layer Ladies Wicking Breathable Anti-Odor Superfine Merino Wool Hoodie Pullovers]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Gyc 2000L 100L Alcohol Liquor and Spirits Distilling Plant: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Cold Rolled 0.3-3mm 310 310S Stainless Steel Sheet]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Good Loading Lounge Set]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Activated Carbon Strong Effect Peeling off Face Mask Mud]

High Qlty Sequin Fabric Fancy Peacock Green Polyester Mesh 157, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),12ml Round Shape Empty Clear Nail Polish Glass Bottle-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Automatic Best Price Small Plastic Pet Drink Water Juice Bottle Jar Maker Blow Molding Blowing Making Machine]

High Qlty Sequin Fabric Fancy Peacock Green Polyester Mesh 157,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Nutrition Enhancer Environmental Nutritional Yeast Powder]

High Qlty Sequin Fabric Fancy Peacock Green Polyester Mesh 157, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:M4X10 Round Head Core Pulling Aluminum Nail, Part I.Nihon MEK7222K Hemolyse 3 MEK Lyse for Hematology Analyzer. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Pressure Food Grade Forged Tube Screwed Connector Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting Casting Nipple]

Skytone 4 Channels 3500W Each DJ Power Amplifier, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Standard Gypsum Board /Moistureproof/Fireproof/Waterproof Plaster Board with Best Price.PVC Ceiling Wall Pannelling, Interior Decorative PVC Wall Panels, 175-184[Natural Rotary Cutting Okoume Face Wood Veneer for Plywood]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[for Wall Decoration Glass Silver Metal Aluminium Mosaic Tile]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),2017 New Style Modern Kitchen Cabinet Design Wooden Kitchen Furniture. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Integrated LED Solar Street Sensor Light with Sensor Control for Highway 10W/20W/30W/40W/50W/60W]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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