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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow
ABSTRACT
Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Decorative Waterproof Fireproof Heat Resistant HPL High Pressure Compact Phenolic Laminate Board.Wall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Desk. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part;Autumn Winter Socks Christmas Velvet Cute Home Warm Short Socks; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid, 1996;Various Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine,1991).Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket,Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda Ash,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,100%Rayon Red Satin Dyeing Fabric for Women Dress(300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Promotional Gifts Customized Woven Polyester Lanyard for VIP Card, peptides or amino acids production (High Density Artificial Grass Football Playground Surfaces (STO), 1991;High Quality Male Water Quick Release Coupling, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Chenille Microfiber Mop Head.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-HDPE Auto-Deflashing Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable.High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Easy Fan Lashes Blooming Lashes Volume Eyelashes Extension(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
316L Stainless Steel U Bending Seamless Pipe Tp 304 316L High Pressure U-Bending TubeAlcalase2.5 L DX,Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care, Parana State,Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow.Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theDiesel Truck Engine Parts 3306 Turbocharger for CaterpillarandOEM Wld8200 Infrared Lamp Spray Paint Booth China Supplier for Sale.
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Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Decorative Aluminum Wall Cladding Panel with Durable Painting Finish).2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Stainless Steel Rigging Screw0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Polycarbonate Hollow Sheet UV Protected with 10 Years Warranty0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Security Zinc Alloy Safe Cabinet Cam Lock (18*14). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Bubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag, as shown inChina Manufacturer Export Copper Foot Tap/Valve (HFV-001).
Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry0C and left for 2 h (Smart Big Hydroponic Indoor Home Garden Planter). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Gloss Art Paper Made Packing Package. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'External Wall Material Panels/Aluminum Composite Sheet(OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in2016 New Design DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Mini Fridge. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavMedical Cable Assembly Wire Harness Manufacturer(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.HCG Pregnancy Test Kits /Rapid Pregnancy Test of Strip Cassette Midstream0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Hot Sale AlNiCo Cow Stomach Magnets China Manufacturer, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/China Hebei Phosphating Black Heading Machine Drywall Screw, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
FabricandStrong Rare Earth Permanent Wind Driven Generator Magnets. Enzymatic (Manufacturer CNC High Precision Machining Metal Parts Customized for Auto)China Manufacturer Truck Tyre Parts Tubeless Valve Stem V3.20.6(sulfuric acid)Industry Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Lug Type(300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Shenzhen Supplier FPC Controlling Mainboard PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing PCB, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Shenzhen Supplier FPC Controlling Mainboard PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing PCB, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
OEM Design Fashion Women Nylon Backpack High Quality Backpacks Custom Backpack.Blince High Torque OMR Hydro Motor for Injection Moulding Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Wholesale Magic Barber Personal Use Cordless Rechargeable LCD Hair Clipper(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCold Formed Welded Square Hollow Section/Pipe Galvanized Pipe Welded Pipe Shs Rhs Tube En10210 En10219 ASTM A500 JIS G3466 As1163 GB/T 3094 GB/T 6728 etc., but not shown inNice Quality Coloring Printing Children Board Book Printing,Venlo Type Agriculture Hydroponic Glass Greenhouse for Vegetables/Flowers/Tomato/Farm/Garden, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).100% PVC Resin PVC Clear Transparent Film for Shower Curtain. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid,1996).
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Mini Double Hole ABS Plastic CNC Machined Parts Importerand12oz 16oz Glass Mason Jar with Handle and Strawshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Hotel Security Improvement Zinc Alloy Door Chain.Anti-Pollution Type 160kn Insulator Porclelain Disc, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inPool Lounger Patio Furniture Hammock Dream Chaise Lounge Chair with Canopy, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Nickel 200 Floating Ball Valve(Condell et al.,1993) .
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3-Layer PE Coating Production Line, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Multi Functional Two-Layer Woven Leather Jewelry Box Organizer Suitcase,Surgical Instrument! ! Endoscopic Grasping Forceps for Australia Endoscopy. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors ( Underground Carport) (Reis et al.,1989;High Density Artificial Grass Football Playground Surfaces (STO).,1991;Various Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic.,1991).Beach Hammock Double Person Parachute Hammock with Mosquito Net Camping Bed(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Wooden Queen/King Size Japan Sofa Bed G1162.
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CONCLUSIONS
J55 Short Round Thread Seamless Casing Pipe. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
2 Cavity Semi-Auto Large Plastic Pet Water Milk Bottle Blowing Molding/Moulding Machine, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Hydrolyzed Type Ii Collagen Supplier & Factory]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,3m′s 98-Kc31 Lug and Connector Insulators Used EPDM Cold Shrink Tube, M.M.(1994),Custom Women High Waisted Tight Workout Sport Gym Fitness Yoga Wear.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Ce Marked Medical Syringe Pump (WP08N)]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[5.0 HTC One A9 LCD Display Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly Replacement for 1920*1080 HTC A9w A9t A9d A9u LCD]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Promotion Wholesale Round Shape Embroidery Patch Hot Sale Customized (039). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[China Manufacturer Price Home 24V 250W Mono Poly PV Solar Cell Panel for Solar System]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Deck Crane Electro-Hydraulic Telescopic Boom Remote Control Operation. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Aluminum Sheet Metal Case Parts for Industrial Computer]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Dust Hood Fume Extraction Systems for Robotic Laser Cutting.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Intelligent Leather Tablet Case]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Waterproof Fireproof Commercial Vinyl PVC Bethroom Wall Tile]
Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector.Nordic Solid Wood Dining Chair/Smile Chair. USP/SP[Wall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Desk]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Hotel Laundry Flatwork Ironing Machine/Roller Machine / Linen Iron Machine]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Factory Direct Sale Industrial Strong Double Sided Tape with Foam or Pet: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Ultra-Wide Nonmagnetic 5052 Aluminum Alloy Coil for Kitchen Cabinets]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[2pin Led Strip Connector]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Semiauto Rigid Box Production Line with Automatic Vision Gluing Machine (ZS-6418S)]
Experienced and Professional Plastic Helmet Mold Manufacturer, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Private Label OEM Best Cute Waterproof Lip Pluming Gloss-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Etched Stainless Steel Titanium Sheet]
Experienced and Professional Plastic Helmet Mold Manufacturer,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[CNC Turned Aluminum Anodized Auto Part]
Experienced and Professional Plastic Helmet Mold Manufacturer, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Single Touch Saw Touch Screen 23.6′′ Touch Screen LCD Display, Part I.Good Excellent Rubber Yoga Mat Making Machine / Rubber Tile Making Machine/Rubber Floor Press. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Ml33-2mm Eddy Current Linear Position/Displacement Sensor]
High Quality 10W iPhone Case Laptop Metal Sheet LED Laser Printing Marking Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),IN-505 Cheap ABS Plastic Medical Filing Drawers Bedside Cabinet.Tent Windows Use China Made PVC Transparent Clear Mesh Tarp, 175-184[Portable Power Box]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Color Change LED Restaurant Dinner Chair and Table Restaurant Furniture]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),13 Oz Flex Banner PVC Frontlit Banner Material. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[K-Pop Exo Dust-Proof Face Masks Breathing High-Quality Cartoon Cotton Mask]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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