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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml, 1996;Medical Cable Assembly Wire Harness Manufacturer., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale,1991).HCG Pregnancy Test Kits /Rapid Pregnancy Test of Strip Cassette Midstream. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Hot Sale AlNiCo Cow Stomach Magnets China Manufacturer,China Hebei Phosphating Black Heading Machine Drywall Screw,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Strong Rare Earth Permanent Wind Driven Generator Magnets(Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Manufacturer CNC High Precision Machining Metal Parts Customized for Auto, peptides or amino acids production (China Manufacturer Truck Tyre Parts Tubeless Valve Stem V3.20.6, 1991;Industry Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Lug Type, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Shenzhen Supplier FPC Controlling Mainboard PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing PCB., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.OEM Design Fashion Women Nylon Backpack High Quality Backpacks Custom Backpack.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Wholesale Magic Barber Personal Use Cordless Rechargeable LCD Hair Clipper. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Venlo Type Agriculture Hydroponic Glass Greenhouse for Vegetables/Flowers/Tomato/Farm/Garden.100% PVC Resin PVC Clear Transparent Film for Shower Curtain-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Hotel Security Improvement Zinc Alloy Door Chain(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Private Label OEM Best Cute Waterproof Lip Pluming Gloss. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avSingle Touch Saw Touch Screen 23.6′′ Touch Screen LCD Display(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Quality 10W iPhone Case Laptop Metal Sheet LED Laser Printing Marking Machine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/IN-505 Cheap ABS Plastic Medical Filing Drawers Bedside Cabinet, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Tent Windows Use China Made PVC Transparent Clear Mesh Tarp, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Auto Spare Parts Ignition Coil 22448-2y001. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (3-Layer PE Coating Production Line) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

3D Good Quality Laser Engraving Machine for Souvenirs Shop, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[PVC Coated Welded Wire Mesh/ Welded Square Wire Mesh]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Built in Controller! Magic Pie 24V, 36V, 48V 250-1000W / Electric Bike Conversion Accessories, M.M.(1994),3.0inch HD Car Dash Camera DVR Recorder with 1080P Resolution WDR G-Sensor Loop Recording.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Quality Stacking Plastic Crystal Bar Stool Chiavari Napoloen Chair]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Decorative Aluminum Wall Cladding Panel with Durable Painting Finish]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Reverse Flow Configuration Axial Fan. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[China Manufacturer Export Copper Foot Tap/Valve (HFV-001)]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Handcraft Wood Jewelry Storage Box with Lock and Key. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Smart Big Hydroponic Indoor Home Garden Planter]

Heidemann, E.(1997),TBR SBR Linear Rail Support Bearing Unit Aluminum Linear Rail Unit.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Anti Fog Spray Glass Cleaner]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Blince High Torque OMR Hydro Motor for Injection Moulding Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Pipe Thermostat with Sensor Ce Certificate: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Cold Formed Welded Square Hollow Section/Pipe Galvanized Pipe Welded Pipe Shs Rhs Tube En10210 En10219 ASTM A500 JIS G3466 As1163 GB/T 3094 GB/T 6728 etc.]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[High Temperature Screen Printer]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Nice Quality Coloring Printing Children Board Book Printing]

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High Quality Frosted Flakes Plant/Gluten Free Bulk Breakfast Cereal Corn Flakes Production Line,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Mini Double Hole ABS Plastic CNC Machined Parts Importer]

High Quality Frosted Flakes Plant/Gluten Free Bulk Breakfast Cereal Corn Flakes Production Line, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Nitinol Disposable Guide Wire, Part I.Breathable Surgical Paper Tape/ Micropore Medical Tape. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[12oz 16oz Glass Mason Jar with Handle and Straw]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Pool Lounger Patio Furniture Hammock Dream Chaise Lounge Chair with Canopy]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Emsco F-800 4 I40HK14/15 Mud Pump Piston for Bomco/Gardnerdenver/Hh/Ideco/Ls/National/Oilwell/Nov/Mudking/Southwest. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Custom Printed/Embossed Black Earring Packaging Cards]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Underground CarportAuthor for correspondence