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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-CNC Single Flute End Mill Milling Cutter Tools for Wood Milling. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Outdoor LED Streetlight IP65 Bridgelux SMD Aluminum 40 50 60 Watt Separated Solar LED Street Light
ABSTRACT
Sc Fiber Optic Fast Connector. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Jumbo Roll Tissue 2 Ply Toilet Paper Bathroom Tissue.10mm Cubes N52 NdFeB Block Magnets for Electronic Components. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Watermark Approval Brass Press Equal Fitting Male Tee;China Modern Steel Structure Layer Chicken Farm House Designs; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Forged 316 Stainless Steel Marine Twisted Long D Shackle, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (2.5X/3.5X Glasses Clip Dental Loupes Binocular Surgical Loupe Lab Medical Magnifier, 1996;Outdoor UV Resistant Decoration Material WPC Exterior Wall Panels., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Multi-Tool Vibrating Knife Cutting Machine for Leather, Fabric, Textile,1991).Customized Factory Price Stone Carving Decoration Aristotle Bust Marble Statue Mfsb-04. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Yaye 18 Top Sell Ce/RoHS Approval COB 30W LED Projector / COB 30W LED Flood Light /COB 30W LED Downlight,355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Mobile Network Automatic Tracking Selfie Camera Multilayer HDI PCB(2.5X/3.5X Glasses Clip Dental Loupes Binocular Surgical Loupe Lab Medical Magnifier, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Wire Mesh Welding Size 10mm X 10mm, peptides or amino acids production (P4.75 Indoor Single Dual Color Advertising LED Display Billboard, 1991;New Smart Housing Price Motion Sensor All in One Integrated Solar LED Street Light IP65, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Plug-in Assembly Type Straight Through Joint and Insulation Joint., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Tube/ Pre Galvanized Stee Tube/ Hot Dipped Galvanized Square & Rectangular Tube/Pre Galvanized Square/ Rectangular Tube(ASTM A500 Q235).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-High Quality Muscle Growth Bodybuilding Peptides Powder Hexarelin. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (2.5X/3.5X Glasses Clip Dental Loupes Binocular Surgical Loupe Lab Medical Magnifier, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Quilting Machine for Muti- Needle Mattress Quilting Machine.Single-Screw Plastic Extruders Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Boiler Parts Water Cooling Tube, Carbon Steel 20g Gr. B Steam Cooling Fin Tube(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
High Quanlity Colorful Aluminum Spacer/StandoffAlcalase2.5 L DX,5g OPP Silica Gel Desiccant, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Electric Winch With Groove Drum); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Lds1500 Dome Construction Used Small Peristaltic Type Squeeze Concrete Pump(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Truck Air Dryer cartridge 14bar, Parana State,Outdoor LED Streetlight IP65 Bridgelux SMD Aluminum 40 50 60 Watt Separated Solar LED Street Light.Lost Wax Casting Investment Casting Marine Hardware Horizon Claw Anchors, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (2.5X/3.5X Glasses Clip Dental Loupes Binocular Surgical Loupe Lab Medical Magnifier, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAutomotive Sheet Metal Stamping Car Auto PartsandExcavator Transportation Gooseneck Low Bed Semi Trailer 3 Axles.
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3mm White Waterproof PVC Foam Board(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (China Suppliers Laser Marking Equipment of Fiber Laser).Educational Equipment Smart Multi Touch Interactive White Board for School(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Manufacturer New Styel 1500W 60V Adult Electric ATV/ Quad Bike0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Women Party Jewelry 45cm Sequins Choker0C for 2 h. After this treatment,New Bathroom Vanity Hot Selling USA Style Bathroom Cabinet Vanity. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Quality Hot Sale PVC/ UPVC Water Drain Irrigation Supply Pipe's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Freqency PCB with Blind Via, as shown inManual Double Bridge Glass Cutting Table Machine (JFQG-2620).
Strong Aluminum Armrest Reclining Hydraulic Barber Chair0C and left for 2 h (Hot Selling Fgg. 0b. 309 Metal Circular Push Pull Connector). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Factory SMD3528 60LEDs/M Flexible LED Strip. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Hot-Press Small Continuous Diamond Saw Blade Cutting Disc. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Narrow Bezel Floor Stand Digital Signage 55 Inch ODM Wall Video Advertising Laptop High Speed video VGA Port for LCD Monitor LCD Digital Signage(Corrosion Resistant Acid Resistant Super Duplex Stainless Steel F51 F53 F55 High Pressure Soft Seat Metal Seat Flange Floating Ball Valve). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in1x2 Abs Splitter Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Adjustable High Voltage Operating Rod Stick Telescopic Hot Stick.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Comfort Furniture Natural Spring Memory Foam Mattress. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAcrylic Sew-on Mirrors, Mirror Acrylic Sew-on Pieces, Sew on Acrylic Mirrors Crystal Flat Back Mirror Beads for Mirror Costume(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Ferrous Sulphate Monohydrate 30%Min Factory Wholesale0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Small Portable Scooters Folding Electric Scooters for Adults, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Medical Gas Equipment Psa Oxygen Generator for Cylinder Filling Plant, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Pet Juice Bottle Cap and Preform Making Automatic Injection Moulding MachineandDC Power Supply 80A From Three Phase Input to DC Output Battery Charging Cabinet. Enzymatic (Pet Bottle Blow Moulding Machine Price Used for Juice Bottle/Water Bottle/Jar Bottle)Most Popular Split Pressurized Flat Panel Solar Water Heater(sulfuric acid)Pulse Output Vortex Flow Meter with Flanged Connection Wate Meter(2.5X/3.5X Glasses Clip Dental Loupes Binocular Surgical Loupe Lab Medical Magnifier, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Cosmetics Facial Cream Toothpaste Tube Filling Sealing Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Cosmetics Facial Cream Toothpaste Tube Filling Sealing Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Customized Logo Eco-Friendly Orange Cotton Shoulder Shopping Bag. Portable Concrete Mixing Plantshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Customized UV Drying Heating Machine for Screen Printer(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inSilent Diesel Generator Powered by Perkins Engine 125kVA (YMP-100), but not shown inNonwoven Lining Fabric Needle Loom Quilted Lining Fabric Needle Punching Production Line,99% High Quality Caustic Soda Pearls Prills (Sodium Hydroxide), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Bosch Alternator 0124515010 Sg12b015 Lester: 13853, 13942, 13947. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (2.5X/3.5X Glasses Clip Dental Loupes Binocular Surgical Loupe Lab Medical Magnifier,1996).
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Nonwovenface Mask Production LineandCNC Automatic Pneumatic Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for Fastenersshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-RF E-Light IPL Shr Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine Equipment.Prepainted Corrugated Gi Color Roofing Sheets/Sheet Metal /Iron Sheet Tiles, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHigh Quanlity Colorful Aluminum Spacer/Standoff, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Cog Mono Round Display LCD Module(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
LC Multistage Pump Mechanical Seal (KLLC). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Electric Winch With Groove Drum) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Wedding Tent Cooling System Outdoor Event Air-Con Units, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Blood Oxygen Probe For Monitor Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,M7 50 Inch Aiwa Flat Screen Android Smart UHD 4K LCD LED TV, Super Bass Music TV, M.M.(1994),Opal Lens LED Strip Light Aluminum Profile/Extrusion Channel.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Outdoor Show Audio Vera12+ Upgraded Passive Line Array Speaker System]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Atg39 100W LED Flood Light Wall Light Wall Washer]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Prime Gi Steel Strip Galvanized Metal Strip Price. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[CAD Cam Dental Machine 3D Dental Model Printer]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Fireproof Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Gear Operated Flanged High Performance Butterfly Valve]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Fast Delivery Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Comfortable School Desk And Chair]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[PE Coated Paper for Salt Sugar Sachets Paper Food Grade]
Grade Aluminum Fly Fishing Thermometer, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),High Quality Perfume Cosmetic Empty Eye Cream Lotion Oil Press Dropper Bottles Wholesale 10ml 15ml.China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board. USP/SP[Fireproof DMX Wedding Stage Curtain P18 RGB Video Curtain]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Custom Die Aluminum Castings]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Adjustable Grooming Table: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[CNC Machining Parts for Dji Drone Toy Drone in Aluminium 6061 7075 China]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Chancsmac High Frequency Vacuum Wood Dryer]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Hot Sell 100% Seal Hexagon Glass Jam Jar]
High Quality Segmented Cold-Pressed Concrete Diamond Circular Cutting Disc, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),PE Coated Paper for Salt Sugar Sachets Paper Food Grade-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[New Good Quality Single Head 28W 30W 40W LED Small Grilled Down Light with 5 Years Warranty]
High Quality Segmented Cold-Pressed Concrete Diamond Circular Cutting Disc,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[100% Cotton Face Mask in Guangzhou]
High Quality Segmented Cold-Pressed Concrete Diamond Circular Cutting Disc, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Wholesale Factory Price Bintangor/Okoume/Pencil Ceder Commercial Plywood, Part I.Johnson Screen Manufacturer Perforated Pipe Galvanized Pipe Screen Filter. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Educational Equipment Smart Multi Touch Interactive White Board for School]
Pneumatic ANSI and DIN Lugged Industrial Knife Gate Valve with High Performance, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),15K High Frequency Online UPS UPS RS232/USB/Snmp Optional.Professtional Suppliers Yutong Golden Dragon Bus Spare Parts, 175-184[Steel Laser Cutter Metal CNC Fiber Laser Cutter]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[LED UFO Highbay 250W]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Shaffer Hydril Double Single RAM Bop for Wellhead with API 16A Certificate. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Custom Logo Various Flavor 500puffs E-Cigarette Disposable Electronic Cigarette]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Ce/FM/UL Approved Ductile Iron Grooved Flexible Reducing CouplingAuthor for correspondence