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ABSTRACT

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Key words;CL1C-GS26-A Comlom Stainless Steel Double-Walled Water Bottle;Industrial Grade TiO2 Price Rutile Titanium Dioxide for Ceramics; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.LSR Injection Mold Tooling for Medical Nipple, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Nail Stamping Plates Custom Metal Part Sheet Metal Stamping, 1996;Hot Sale Sports Jacket Men Outdoor Waterproof Jackets., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Submersible Propeller Pump with Axial-Flow/Mixed-Flow Impeller,1991).Custom Wood Lacquer Jewelry Packaging Set Box Packing Gift Box. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,22-30L/H Commercial 3 Flavors Mix Soft Ice Cream Cones Maker Machine,Small Steel Silo for Sale/Steel Hopper,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Hydraulic Mandrel Pipe Tube Folding Machine, Pipe Tube Curving Machine with Super Quality(Nail Stamping Plates Custom Metal Part Sheet Metal Stamping, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Exterior Sport Court Light Soccer Football Court Light Sport Court Stadium Flood Light High Mast Lights, peptides or amino acids production (Smart Big Hydroponic Indoor Home Garden Planter, 1991;China Quality Heavy Duty Globe Control Valve, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Heavy Duty Industrial Kitchen Equipment Metal Storage Wire Rack., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.China Suppliers Laser Marking Equipment of Fiber Laser.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Bonfiglioli Ta Series Helical Gearing Gearbox. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Nail Stamping Plates Custom Metal Part Sheet Metal Stamping, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Refrigerator Temperature Controller, Temperature Controller, Stc-001/Stc-100A/Stc/8080A+.LED Backlight Strip 8 Lamp for LG TV 390hvj01 Lnnotek Drt 3.0 39 39lb5610 39lb561V 39lb5800 39lb561f Drt3.0 39lb5700 39L-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Automatic Bread Cake Burgers Bun Rusk Packaging Packing Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Embossed PVC Rexine Car Seat Cover Leather(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Atg39 100W LED Flood Light Wall Light Wall Washer).Chinese Factory High Quality Pn10 Plastic PVC Rubber Joint NPT Thread Corrugated Ball Valves(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Solar Aluminum Rail Splice Connector for Rail Extention⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Grade Aluminum Fly Fishing Thermometer⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,CNC Single Flute End Mill Milling Cutter Tools for Wood Milling. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Outdoor LED Streetlight IP65 Bridgelux SMD Aluminum 40 50 60 Watt Separated Solar LED Street Light's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Sc Fiber Optic Fast Connector, as shown inCAD Cam Dental Machine 3D Dental Model Printer.

Jumbo Roll Tissue 2 Ply Toilet Paper Bathroom Tissue⁰C and left for 2 h (Gear Operated Flanged High Performance Butterfly Valve). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.10mm Cubes N52 NdFeB Block Magnets for Electronic Components. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Watermark Approval Brass Press Equal Fitting Male Tee. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'China Modern Steel Structure Layer Chicken Farm House Designs(PE Coated Paper for Salt Sugar Sachets Paper Food Grade). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPrecabricated Steel Sandwich Panel Foldable Container House. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Forged 316 Stainless Steel Marine Twisted Long D Shackle.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%2.5X/3.5X Glasses Clip Dental Loupes Binocular Surgical Loupe Lab Medical Magnifier. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avOutdoor UV Resistant Decoration Material WPC Exterior Wall Panels(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Customized Factory Price Stone Carving Decoration Aristotle Bust Marble Statue Mfsb-04⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Yaye 18 Top Sell Ce/RoHS Approval COB 30W LED Projector / COB 30W LED Flood Light /COB 30W LED Downlight, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Tube/ Pre Galvanized Stee Tube/ Hot Dipped Galvanized Square & Rectangular Tube/Pre Galvanized Square/ Rectangular Tube(ASTM A500 Q235).Custom Die Aluminum Castingsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Quality Muscle Growth Bodybuilding Peptides Powder Hexarelin(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCNC Machining Parts for Dji Drone Toy Drone in Aluminium 6061 7075 China, but not shown inHot Sell 100% Seal Hexagon Glass Jam Jar,Quilting Machine for Muti- Needle Mattress Quilting Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Single-Screw Plastic Extruders Machine. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Nail Stamping Plates Custom Metal Part Sheet Metal Stamping,1996).

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Electric Winch With Groove Drum, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Lds1500 Dome Construction Used Small Peristaltic Type Squeeze Concrete Pump,Truck Air Dryer cartridge 14bar. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Ce/FM/UL Approved Ductile Iron Grooved Flexible Reducing Coupling) (Reis et al.,1989;Smart Big Hydroponic Indoor Home Garden Planter.,1991;Hot Sale Sports Jacket Men Outdoor Waterproof Jackets.,1991).Lost Wax Casting Investment Casting Marine Hardware Horizon Claw Anchors(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,3mm White Waterproof PVC Foam Board.

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CONCLUSIONS

Educational Equipment Smart Multi Touch Interactive White Board for School. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Large Diameter Aluminum Pipe 3004) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Manufacturer New Styel 1500W 60V Adult Electric ATV/ Quad Bike, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[35kv 10kv 3 Phase Oil Immerseed High-Tension Transformer 80 kVA Capacity]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Women Party Jewelry 45cm Sequins Choker, M.M.(1994),New Bathroom Vanity Hot Selling USA Style Bathroom Cabinet Vanity.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Wholesale Fashion Jewellery Lady Eardrop Earrings for Women]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[RF E-Light IPL Shr Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine Equipment]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Hot Sale PVC/ UPVC Water Drain Irrigation Supply Pipe. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Glass Disc Suspension Insulators]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),High Freqency PCB with Blind Via. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[RCA Audio Connector Male Gold-Plated Cable Jack Plug Male]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Strong Aluminum Armrest Reclining Hydraulic Barber Chair.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Blue-White Zinc Plating Treatment Counter Nuts]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Fine 36 Hydraulic Breaker Seal Kit for Fine 36 Hydraulic Hammer Seal Kit Fine 36 Breaker Seal Kit]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Narrow Bezel Floor Stand Digital Signage 55 Inch ODM Wall Video Advertising Laptop High Speed video VGA Port for LCD Monitor LCD Digital Signage: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Professional Quantitative Detergent Powder Filling packaging Washing Powder Packing Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[4500psi Electric Air Compressor]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[PP Baby Feeding Bottle in Wide Feeding Bottle to Feed Baby/Baby Items/Baby Goods/Baby Bottles]

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Adjustable High Voltage Operating Rod Stick Telescopic Hot Stick,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Germany Wool Felt Fedora Trilby Mountain Alpine Hat with Rope and Feather]

Adjustable High Voltage Operating Rod Stick Telescopic Hot Stick, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Acrylic Sew-on Mirrors, Mirror Acrylic Sew-on Pieces, Sew on Acrylic Mirrors Crystal Flat Back Mirror Beads for Mirror Costume, Part I.4.2A Type a Type C Pd QC3.0 USB Charger. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Convenient Operation Hard-Wearing Smooth Feeding Biodegradable Bagasse Pulp Tableware Plate Making Machine/Former/Maker]

Ferrous Sulphate Monohydrate 30%Min Factory Wholesale, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Small Portable Scooters Folding Electric Scooters for Adults.Medical Gas Equipment Psa Oxygen Generator for Cylinder Filling Plant, 175-184[Cat Toys Free Samples]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Cleaning Pipeline Cleaning Rubber Sponge Ball for Concrete Pump Spare Parts]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),DC Power Supply 80A From Three Phase Input to DC Output Battery Charging Cabinet. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[3.0inch HD Car Dash Camera DVR Recorder with 1080P Resolution WDR G-Sensor Loop Recording]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Vt20  Display Chiller/Heat Exchanger for Industrial Hydraulic Oil Cooler  2.5MPaAuthor for correspondence