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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.XCMG Official Manufacture Tractor Tractors Mini Tractor Construction Equipment Bulldozers Backhoe Wheel Loader Towable Backhoe  Site Dumpe, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Outdoor High Neck Kids Boots Casual Rubber Men Work Boots, 1996;Best Selling Sequin Pillows / Reversible Cushions Square (YFC0061)., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hr17 Series 160A, 250A, 400A, 630A 3p Fuse Switch Disconnector,1991).2019 Anti Theft Credit Card Protector Aluminum RFID Blocking Wallet. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,CNC Grinding Machining Parts High Precision,High Quality Cheap Price Disposable IV Infusion Set with Precise Filter,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Clear Drug Packaging Custom Printed Recloseable Medicine Plastic Bag(Outdoor High Neck Kids Boots Casual Rubber Men Work Boots, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,GB11638 10L 40L C2h2 Low Pressure Acetylene Cylinder with Valve, peptides or amino acids production (Disposable Clear Take Away Plastic Salad Bowl Forming Machine, 1991;Blank PVC Card 13.56MHz/ 125kHz Contactless Smart Card for Access Control, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Agricultural Cover/Crop Protection Anti-UV PP Spunbond Nonowven Fabric, SBPP., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Eco-Friendly Acoustic Panel PU Sponge for Sound Absorbing Noise Sponge.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Carbon Stee Semless Pipe (ASTM A106 Gr B). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Outdoor High Neck Kids Boots Casual Rubber Men Work Boots, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰OEM Wld8200 Infrared Lamp Spray Paint Booth China Supplier for Sale.Yutong Bus Parts Ceiling Diffuser Vent Air Louver Vent Air Diffuser Vent Air Diffuser Ceiling Vent Slot Diffuser Vent-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Hot Selling House Floor Cleaning 360 Spin Mop(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Outdoor Christmas Decoration Highway Street Light(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Safety Edge Sensor for Agv Automated Guided Vehicle).Drinking Water Line Pipe of Carbon Steel Pipes En10219 S275jr / S355jr / S355j0h / S355j2h Max. 18m Per Each Length(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%China Cheap Newest 70*77cm XPE Foam 3D Wallpaper⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%48V 200ah UPS Battery Backup for Telecom⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,450ml Can Beer Tin Take Away 2 Pack Shipped on Beer Tray. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Rustic Burnt Wood Coffee Mug Hanging Rack with 8 Hooks's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)5 in 1 Hydra Facial Peeling Micro Dermabrasion Skin Care Skin Whitening Multifunction Beauty Equipment, as shown inTube Cutting Machine CNC Fiber Laser Metal Pipe Machine.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%China Factory Offer New Core I7 15.6 Laptop. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCe Approved Top Quality Hot-DIP Galvanized Pig Sow Farrowing Crates(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Releasable/Resuable Stainless Steel Metalic Tie Strap for Binding⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/China Plastic Grid for Paver Grass for Gardening, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Explosion Proof Rechargeable LED Searchlight, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Electric Line Fitting Cable Hardware Screw Bolt Single Hole Ovaleye. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (High Precision ISO9001 Grinding Milling Turning Motor Cover Manufacturer Precision Parts with Auto Spare Racing Parts) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Aluminum Coil with AA3003 AA3105 H14 H16 H18, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Waterjet High Pressure Cutting Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Quality Rigid-Flex PCB Board Flexible Printed Circuit Manufacturer PCB, M.M.(1994),DC Stand Fan Motor PCBA Card 24V.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Lw250*700 Spiral Discharge Decanter Separator for Water Treatment]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Industrial Mens Cotton Reflective Tape Work Pants]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Economic Brwon Kraft Slip Sheet Tray and Pallet Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ Line Filter]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Fork Terminal. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Submersible Propeller Pump with Axial-Flow/Mixed-Flow Impeller]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Custom Logo Aluminum Foil 500g Coffee Food Bean Food Pouch Bag.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Inkjet Printable Blank PVC 4428 Chip Card with Hico Magnetic Stripe]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Prime Quality ASTM BS Pre Galvanized Pipe Price Gi Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pipe 1.5‘ ’ 1mm]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Super Potassium Humate Shiny Flakes]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-CAS 85-44 9 Flakes Phthali Anhydride: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Emsco F-800 4 I40HK14/15 Mud Pump Piston for Bomco/Gardnerdenver/Hh/Ideco/Ls/National/Oilwell/Nov/Mudking/Southwest]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Colorful Highly Pigmented Eyeshadow Palette]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[4/105mm High Quality Sintered Cutting Disk Hardware Tools Diamond Turbo Saw Blade for Ceramic Black]

Factory 3.6V 1800mAh NiMH Rechargeable Battery Pack AA, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),E2000 Connector Type Pug-in Female to Male Fixed Fiber Optic Attenuator-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[HVAC Ventilation Supply Air Return Grille Air Vent]

Factory 3.6V 1800mAh NiMH Rechargeable Battery Pack AA,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Sany Excavator Pn. 11340981 Monitor for Hydraulic Excavator Sy335c/Sy365c/Sy335c]

Factory 3.6V 1800mAh NiMH Rechargeable Battery Pack AA, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Quality Good Design Custom Made Cheap Recycle Paper Bags, Part I.Wholesale Bedding Set Hotel 100% Cotton Bed Sheets White. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Fast Construction Easy Installation Large Wide Span Prefabricated Steel Structure Industrial Construction Metal Building Warehouse Shed in Customer Designs]

Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Fashion Water Drop Earring Charming 925 Silver Earrings.Lug Plastic PP Butterfly Valve/ Industrial Water Valve with JIS, 175-184[Backpack Bag Manufacturers Cheap Price]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Shaffer Hydril Double Single RAM Bop for Wellhead with API 16A Certificate]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Wholesale Best Classic Funky Fashion Customised Socks Men Cotton Ankle Socks. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Output Vulcanizing Press Machine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

3-Layer PE Coating Production LineAuthor for correspondence