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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.C Type Small Simple Power Press Tools Machine with Foot Pedal Switch of Manufactuer Suppliers and Importer for Sale, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (4lz-4.5 Small Tank Kubota Similar Rice Harvester, 1996;High Quality Automatic Snack Food Lab Twin Screw Extruder Price., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Commercial AC Electric Motorized Treadmill 21.5 Touch Screen WiFi HiFi,1991).IC LED Wire Loop Height Measuring Microscope. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Fan Inside Super Silent Scent Diffuser Machine 120ml Fragrance Oil Aroma Machine Hz-1201,Heater Blower Motor Fan Switch for VW Santana 32b Lt Polo Coupe Transporter IV Golf I Jetta Audi 80 90 B2 191959511A 321959511A,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Stainless Steel Whisky Chilling Stones(4lz-4.5 Small Tank Kubota Similar Rice Harvester, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Nmsafety TPR Back Cut Resistant Oil and Gas Impact Work Glove, peptides or amino acids production (CNC Automatic Pneumatic Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for Fasteners, 1991;Automatic 150m/Min Multi Color Uesd Motor Roto Gravure Rotogravure Printing, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Good Quality Custom Car Power Window Cable for Ford Car., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Solar Panel PV System Mc4 Circular Connector.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-1.5 Ton 15 Kn 3300 Lbs Hydraulic Winch for Lifting and Pulling. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (4lz-4.5 Small Tank Kubota Similar Rice Harvester, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Hot DIP Galvanized Sewer Cover --Professional Grating Manufacturer.Industrial Pouring Ladle Steel Furnace Casting Ladle for Casting-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Boiler Fin Tube, Hot Steam Ot Water Cooling ASME SA179 SA192 Fin Tube Wall(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%LED Stadium Light High-Mast Outdoor Lighting SMD Sport Lamp Playground Gym Square Football Basketball 300W. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avTransmission Ultrasound Gel /20ml, 250ml, 5L(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Factory Direct Sale PVC Horse Fence/ Powder Coated Rail Fence⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Food Grade Ivory Paper Cupcake Boxes, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Slide Switch - DC Power Jack RoHS, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

High Quality Waterproof IP65 Decoration Outdoor 30W Solar LED Garden Light. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (EAS Anti-Theft Optical Security Tag for Glasses Bottle) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Stainless Steel Art-Screen for Lobby, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High Quality Solar Hot Water Heater]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Sm12 Magnetic Level Speed Sensor Usage and Switching Transducer Output Reed Switch, M.M.(1994),Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Lucky Key Necklace for Women.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[8 Inch H. 265 4K HD IP CCTV Tester Monitor 8MP Ahd Cvi Tvi CVBS SDI Camera Multimeter Optical Fiber Vfl Tdr WiFi Onvif HDMI Input]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Boat Deck Drainage Snow Rubber Flooring/Standing Desk Mat. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Precision Casting Factory Foundry OEM Ductile Iron Sand Casting]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Coil Sheet Automatic Feeder with Straightener Press Feeders Straighteners Uncoilers 3 in 1 Servo Feed-Straighteners Help to Making Electric Parts. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[IPL Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation Beauty Machine (IPL+E-light Function HS-650)]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Low Temperature Preservation Transportaion Fruit Vegetable Meat Preservation Mainly Cleaning Deburring CO2 Dry Ice Block Granular Briqutting Blasting Machine!.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.ymspcb.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Shiny 100% Polyamide 280t 70d Plain Pleat Fabric Jacket Fabric]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Quality Meat Pie Making Machine with Different Mould Shape]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Samples Free! ! ! Primary/Remelted/Refined Lead Ingots: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[2019 Wholesale Electroplate Purple Glass Votive Candle Jar for Holidays]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Sunscreen Fabric Shade Louvolite]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Masturbators Adult Sex Toys Japanese Love Doll]

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Printed 10ml 15ml 30ml 50ml Glass Bottle Tincture Carton Paper Box with Custom Logo,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[LED Fairy Star Light for All Kinds of Decoration Skylike]

Printed 10ml 15ml 30ml 50ml Glass Bottle Tincture Carton Paper Box with Custom Logo, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Durable Beige Wood Luxury Vinyl Flooring Dry Back/PVC Flooring, Part I.Outdoor Portable Insulated Thermal Tote Cooler Bag for Lunch. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Automotive Sheet Metal Stamping Car Auto Parts]

Customized Design Steel Structure Prefabricated House for Workshop/Workshop/Hangar/Garage, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Factory Cheap Price Wholesale Black Nickel Bag O Ring Metal, Professional Custom 43mm Metal O-Ring for Bag.ASTM A335 Seamless Steel Pipe by Grade P91, P22, P11, 175-184[Wholesale Smart Lock for Fruit Plus Smart Lock F2 Fingerprint]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Excavator Transportation Gooseneck Low Bed Semi Trailer 3 Axles]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Quality Sesame Bean Seed Cleaner and Grader. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[3-in-1 Automatic Bottled Pure Mineral Water Filling Equipment for Gallon Bottle]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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