ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Double Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups.Diameter38mm Food Grade Rubber Hose for Beer Equipment Cleaning. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40, 1996;Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price,1991).Decorative Waterproof Fireproof Heat Resistant HPL High Pressure Compact Phenolic Laminate Board. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Wall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Desk,Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Autumn Winter Socks Christmas Velvet Cute Home Warm Short Socks(High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine, peptides or amino acids production (300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid, 1991;Various Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda Ash.100%Rayon Red Satin Dyeing Fabric for Women Dress-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Promotional Gifts Customized Woven Polyester Lanyard for VIP Card(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (RCA Audio Connector Male Gold-Plated Cable Jack Plug Male).Easy Fan Lashes Blooming Lashes Volume Eyelashes Extension(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%316L Stainless Steel U Bending Seamless Pipe Tp 304 316L High Pressure U-Bending Tube⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care, as shown inFine 36 Hydraulic Breaker Seal Kit for Fine 36 Hydraulic Hammer Seal Kit Fine 36 Breaker Seal Kit.

Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers⁰C and left for 2 h (30100-90063 30199-90064 30100-90208 Auto Parts Clutch Disc for Nissan Toyota Hino Isuzu). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Stainless Steel Rigging Screw(Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inWater Alkaline Ionizer Faucet Filter. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Polycarbonate Hollow Sheet UV Protected with 10 Years Warranty.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Security Zinc Alloy Safe Cabinet Cam Lock (18*14). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avBubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Gloss Art Paper Made Packing Package, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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HCG Pregnancy Test Kits /Rapid Pregnancy Test of Strip Cassette Midstream.PP Baby Feeding Bottle in Wide Feeding Bottle to Feed Baby/Baby Items/Baby Goods/Baby Bottlesshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hot Sale AlNiCo Cow Stomach Magnets China Manufacturer(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inOutdoor Patio Hammock Egg Shaped Garden Hanging Rocking Swing Chair, but not shown inGermany Wool Felt Fedora Trilby Mountain Alpine Hat with Rope and Feather,China Hebei Phosphating Black Heading Machine Drywall Screw, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Strong Rare Earth Permanent Wind Driven Generator Magnets. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Hotel Security Improvement Zinc Alloy Door Chain. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Anti-Pollution Type 160kn Insulator Porclelain Disc, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Sew Liquid Super Sew Glue Stick]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Nickel 200 Floating Ball Valve, M.M.(1994),3-Layer PE Coating Production Line.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Quality Hot Sale PVC/ UPVC Water Drain Irrigation Supply Pipe]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Private Label OEM Best Cute Waterproof Lip Pluming Gloss]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Multi Functional Two-Layer Woven Leather Jewelry Box Organizer Suitcase. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[More Cavities Plastic Mould Design]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Surgical Instrument! ! Endoscopic Grasping Forceps for Australia Endoscopy. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Yuchai 400kw Diesel Generator Set]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Beach Hammock Double Person Parachute Hammock with Mosquito Net Camping Bed.Leder 48,(5),99-104[3 Ton LPG Toyota Forklift]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper]

High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Wooden Queen/King Size Japan Sofa Bed G1162.J55 Short Round Thread Seamless Casing Pipe. USP/SP[Chinese Color Steel Glazed Tile Purlin Roll Forming Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[150*100mm Rearview Mirror Anti Fog Film Rain Proof Oval Film for SUV Car Mirror]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-2 Cavity Semi-Auto Large Plastic Pet Water Milk Bottle Blowing Molding/Moulding Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR Ea440-T for Kutai Generator]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Leisure Popular Hotel Waiting Office Leather Sofa with Wooden Armrest]

3m′s 98-Kc31 Lug and Connector Insulators Used EPDM Cold Shrink Tube, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Custom Women High Waisted Tight Workout Sport Gym Fitness Yoga Wear-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Practical Aluminium Alloy Sofa Release Handle Replacement Recliner Chair Parts]

3m′s 98-Kc31 Lug and Connector Insulators Used EPDM Cold Shrink Tube,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Ballscrew Fixed Support Unit Fk12 with High Quality for The Module]

3m′s 98-Kc31 Lug and Connector Insulators Used EPDM Cold Shrink Tube, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Promotion Wholesale Round Shape Embroidery Patch Hot Sale Customized (039), Part I.Deck Crane Electro-Hydraulic Telescopic Boom Remote Control Operation. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Rectangular Lunch Tin Box with Handle]

Dust Hood Fume Extraction Systems for Robotic Laser Cutting, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector.Nordic Solid Wood Dining Chair/Smile Chair, 175-184[XLPE Coated Wire UL10368 Low Smoke Halogen Free Resistant High Temperature Wire and Cable]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Best Selling Sequin Pillows / Reversible Cushions Square (YFC0061)]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Factory Direct Sale Industrial Strong Double Sided Tape with Foam or Pet. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[25ton LPG Tank Trailer LPG Semi Trailer LPG Gas Tank for Zimbabwe]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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