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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-industrial aluminum foil roll 8011 8079 1235. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Hospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval
ABSTRACT
High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Mini Hydraulic Adjustable Gas Spring Strut for Furniture Cabinet.Afraic Market Mobile Food Vending Cart. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders;Double Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Diameter38mm Food Grade Rubber Hose for Beer Equipment Cleaning, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, 1996;Vibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag,1991).High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow,Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Decorative Waterproof Fireproof Heat Resistant HPL High Pressure Compact Phenolic Laminate Board(30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Wall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Desk, peptides or amino acids production (Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part, 1991;Autumn Winter Socks Christmas Velvet Cute Home Warm Short Socks, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Various Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine.Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda AshAlcalase2.5 L DX,100%Rayon Red Satin Dyeing Fabric for Women Dress, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Promotional Gifts Customized Woven Polyester Lanyard for VIP Card); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)High Density Artificial Grass Football Playground Surfaces (STO)(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
High Quality Male Water Quick Release Coupling, Parana State,Hospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval.Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHome Design Solid Wood Double Adult Bed Bedroom FurnitureandFire Protection Red Painted Ductile Iron Grooved Pipe Fitting.
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Chenille Microfiber Mop Head(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Surface Mounted Wall Light for Home Decoration Waterproof).HDPE Auto-Deflashing Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Easy Fan Lashes Blooming Lashes Volume Eyelashes Extension. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)316L Stainless Steel U Bending Seamless Pipe Tp 304 316L High Pressure U-Bending Tube's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale, as shown inSedimentation Tank/Settling Tank/Lamella Clarifier for Sludge Wastewater separation.
Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites0C and left for 2 h (Cheap Loader Xt860 Backhoe Loader with Digger). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers(Metal Parts Stamping). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inMining Button Bit. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavStainless Steel Rigging Screw(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Security Zinc Alloy Safe Cabinet Cam Lock (18*14)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Bubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
55 Inch Floor Stand in Store Outdoor LCD Digital Signage Display Monitor Touch Screen Kiosk with PCandFarm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry. Enzymatic (Gloss Art Paper Made Packing Package)3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist(sulfuric acid)External Wall Material Panels/Aluminum Composite Sheet(30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
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Firefighting Equipment Aluminum Rescue Tripod with Winch 30mandSS316 Easy Install Quick Clean Motorized Sanitary Ball Valve with Tri Clamp Endsshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Hot Sale AlNiCo Cow Stomach Magnets China Manufacturer.China Hebei Phosphating Black Heading Machine Drywall Screw, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inMining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Strong Rare Earth Permanent Wind Driven Generator Magnets(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Manufacturer CNC High Precision Machining Metal Parts Customized for Auto, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.China Manufacturer Truck Tyre Parts Tubeless Valve Stem V3.20.6,Industry Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Lug Type. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (High Quality Automatic Snack Food Lab Twin Screw Extruder Price) (Reis et al.,1989;Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part.,1991;Vibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier.,1991).Shenzhen Supplier FPC Controlling Mainboard PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing PCB(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,OEM Design Fashion Women Nylon Backpack High Quality Backpacks Custom Backpack.
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CONCLUSIONS
Wholesale Magic Barber Personal Use Cordless Rechargeable LCD Hair Clipper. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Promotional Gifts Customized Woven Polyester Lanyard for VIP Card) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Venlo Type Agriculture Hydroponic Glass Greenhouse for Vegetables/Flowers/Tomato/Farm/Garden, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Battery Operated Mini Toy Cars]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,100% PVC Resin PVC Clear Transparent Film for Shower Curtain, M.M.(1994),Hotel Security Improvement Zinc Alloy Door Chain.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Precision Casting Factory Foundry OEM Ductile Iron Sand Casting]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Anti-Pollution Type 160kn Insulator Porclelain Disc. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[IPL Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation Beauty Machine (IPL+E-light Function HS-650)]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Nickel 200 Floating Ball Valve. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Shiny 100% Polyamide 280t 70d Plain Pleat Fabric Jacket Fabric]
Heidemann, E.(1997),3-Layer PE Coating Production Line.Leder 48,(5),99-104[240mm klindex ring]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Large Stock Aerators for Shrimp Farms and Fish Pond]
Eco-Friendly Sun-Proof Black Metallic Thread with Beautiful Luster for Dress Use, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Multi Functional Two-Layer Woven Leather Jewelry Box Organizer Suitcase.Surgical Instrument! ! Endoscopic Grasping Forceps for Australia Endoscopy. USP/SP[High Quality Meat Pie Making Machine with Different Mould Shape]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[2019 Wholesale Electroplate Purple Glass Votive Candle Jar for Holidays]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Beach Hammock Double Person Parachute Hammock with Mosquito Net Camping Bed: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Masturbators Adult Sex Toys Japanese Love Doll]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Portable PVC Travelling Zipper Small Women Makeup Bags]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Eco-Friendly Sun-Proof Black Metallic Thread with Beautiful Luster for Dress Use]
Wooden Queen/King Size Japan Sofa Bed G1162, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),J55 Short Round Thread Seamless Casing Pipe-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[LED Fairy Star Light for All Kinds of Decoration Skylike]
Wooden Queen/King Size Japan Sofa Bed G1162,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Automotive Sheet Metal Stamping Car Auto Parts]
Wooden Queen/King Size Japan Sofa Bed G1162, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:2 Cavity Semi-Auto Large Plastic Pet Water Milk Bottle Blowing Molding/Moulding Machine, Part I.3m′s 98-Kc31 Lug and Connector Insulators Used EPDM Cold Shrink Tube. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Excavator Transportation Gooseneck Low Bed Semi Trailer 3 Axles]
Custom Women High Waisted Tight Workout Sport Gym Fitness Yoga Wear, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Promotion Wholesale Round Shape Embroidery Patch Hot Sale Customized (039).Deck Crane Electro-Hydraulic Telescopic Boom Remote Control Operation, 175-184[Denso Iridium Spark Plug for Toyota Camry Corolla Lexus]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[3-in-1 Automatic Bottled Pure Mineral Water Filling Equipment for Gallon Bottle]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Dust Hood Fume Extraction Systems for Robotic Laser Cutting. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[China Suppliers Laser Marking Equipment of Fiber Laser]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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