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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.2018 Luxury Design China Supplier Waterproof Pet Cat Dog Bed, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Multipurpose Wireless PA Amplifier Lectern PA Speaker, 1996;3.7kw Air Compressor Parts Oil Free Scroll Compressor Heads., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Gyc 2000L 100L Alcohol Liquor and Spirits Distilling Plant,1991).High Qlty Sequin Fabric Fancy Peacock Green Polyester Mesh 157. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,12ml Round Shape Empty Clear Nail Polish Glass Bottle,M4X10 Round Head Core Pulling Aluminum Nail,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Nihon MEK7222K Hemolyse 3 MEK Lyse for Hematology Analyzer(Multipurpose Wireless PA Amplifier Lectern PA Speaker, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Skytone 4 Channels 3500W Each DJ Power Amplifier, peptides or amino acids production (Standard Gypsum Board /Moistureproof/Fireproof/Waterproof Plaster Board with Best Price, 1991;PVC Ceiling Wall Pannelling, Interior Decorative PVC Wall Panels, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;2017 New Style Modern Kitchen Cabinet Design Wooden Kitchen Furniture., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Imirootree 250ml Glass Jar with Lids for Cosmetic Cream.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Double Wine Carrier Bag Gift Box Tote. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Multipurpose Wireless PA Amplifier Lectern PA Speaker, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰(Trade Assurance) Hot Sale OEM Custom Made Women Yoga Spandex Shorts.Huaxin Low Loss LC/Upc-LC/Upc Singlemode 9/125 Simplex 2.0 mm 3.0 mm Yellow Optic Fiber Patch Cord-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Flexible PVC Granules for Cable, Wire and Insulation(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Lantern for Garden Decoration(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Wholesale Interior Metal 3D Bee Garden Ornament Decoration).Bending Sheet Metal Custom-Made Aluminum Bracket(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%New Shacman F3000 6X4 Truck Trailer Head⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Metal Chrome Liners for Bomco F2200hl High Pressure Drill Mud Pump⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Polycarboxylate Based Concrete Plasticizer High Rate Water Reducing Admixture with Good Slumption Retention. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Cylindrical Shape Beer Glass Bottle for Wine Storage's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Plastic Injection for OEM Product, as shown inFactor Direct Adult Sex Toy Doll for Male Sex.

HOWO Sinotruck Heavy Truck Parts Air Spring Suspension Wg1642110024⁰C and left for 2 h (UTP CAT6 48 Ports Vertical Termination Patch Panel). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Aluminum Truss System, Aluminum Lighting Truss, Roof Truss System for Event. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Mobile/Cell Phone LCD for iPhone 6s Plus Phone LCD Touch Screen. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Activated Carbon Strong Effect Peeling off Face Mask Mud(Aluminium Unitized Curtain Wall for Office Building). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inI11 Tws Bluetooths Earphone True I11 Wireless Earbuds Sports Headphone. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Type Price Prefabricated Roof Tile in Sudan.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Stackable Mahogany Color Wooden Chiavari Chair with Soft Cushion. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avFactory Supply 100% Natural Epimedium Extract for Male Health(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Type 0242 IP67 220V-415V 6h 3p+E 3pin 32A Industrial Plug⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Top10 1080P H. 264 P2p CCTV WiFi IP Camera, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Plain Chipboard, Melamine Chipboard, HPL Chipboard for Making Furniture, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Transparent Color Stretch Wrap Film Manual Operate Wrap Film. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Brass Pump Spare Parts for Circulating Pump) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Good Price Welding Electrode (e7018/e7018-1), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Electric Herb Grinder Commercial Spice Grinder Grinding Machines]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Ep/Nn/EPP Industrial Rubber Conveyor Belt, M.M.(1994),Tpo Waterproof Membrane/Thermoplastic Polyolefin for Rooofing.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Y2ej Cast Iron Electromagnetic Brake Asynchronous AC Electric Induction Motor]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Premium Grade Rubber Cloth Duct Tape]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-New PP Plastic 24mm 28mm Liquid Cream Pump for Lotion Bottles Rd-238. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Wireless Optical Fire Smoke Detector with Solar Powered (ES-T601)]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Custom Logo Fleece Hoodies Men Pullover Neno Oversized Men′s Hoodies. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[FTTB Wdm Optical Receiver with 2 Output / AGC FTTB Optical Node]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Auto Spare Parts Ignition Coil Fp85-18-100c.Leder 48,(5),99-104[2 Inch Full Plastic Diaphragm Pump]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Factory Price 6000 Series Industrial Extruded Aluminum Tube]

En1092-1 05 Pn16 Blind Flat Face Flange, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),vacuum Pressure Impregnation CCA Wood Preservative Treatment Equipment.Flooded Type Water Cooled Screw Chiller. USP/SP[River Water Cleaning Sludge Sediment Machine Lamella Clarifier]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Frame Type Rubber Hydraulic Press Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Promotional Custom Embossed Cups with Logo Print for Office/Holiday/Birthday: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Handheld Portable Veterinary Ultrasound Equipment for Farm Horse Cow Sheep]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[PE Coated Flex for Advertisement Application with Good Quality]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Good Price Sc Single Mode Simplex Duplex Fiber Optic Adaptor]

Enameled Mini Cast Iron Casserole, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Good Quality Tomato Sauce Making Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Biggest Factory Titanium Dioxide Rutile Industrial Grade for Painting]

Enameled Mini Cast Iron Casserole,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[OEM Gray Cast Iron Sand Casting Products with Universal Parts]

Enameled Mini Cast Iron Casserole, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Vitamin B1 HCl 98% Feed Grade, Part I.2018 TPR Clean Teeth Training Dog Pet Chew Toy. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Cartoon Custom Plastic Mini Cushion brush Hair Comb for Girl Children]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[New Design Multi-Color Silicone Coin Purse for Lady]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Polycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Industry Pet Recycling Systems]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Commercial Crossfit Fitness Gym Equipment/Home Gym EquipmentAuthor for correspondence