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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Real Leather Wallet Mens Designer Leather Wallets. After enzymatic hydrolysis,ASTM A240 321 Stainless Steel Sheet Price Per Kg.V6 Wireless Premium Stereo Portable Bluetooth Speaker for Indoor/Outdoor. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Promotional Plain Silver Empty Hinged Rectangular Tin Box;Explosion-Proof Hydraulic Crawler Excavator with Quick Coupling; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.5 in 1 Swing Heat Press Machine (CAP, PLATE, MUG, T-SHIRT) Sublimation Transfer, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Butyl Glue Self-Adhesive Tape with Radian, Caulk Strip Trim Tape (38mm), 1996;11oz Manufactures of Ceramic Mug Customised Sublimation Cup for Sublimation Wholesale., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Vertical Type Low Pressure Injection Molding Machine with After-Sales Services (JX-900H),1991).Cantilever Oxygen Plasma Cutter 80. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Stainless Steel Expansion Anchor Bolt Steel Zinc Plated,CNC Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet and Tube,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Environmental Tester CCT Salt Fog Spray Cyclic Corrosion Test Cabinets(Butyl Glue Self-Adhesive Tape with Radian, Caulk Strip Trim Tape (38mm), 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Fingerprint Door Lock Smart Lock Padlock Hi-Tech for Door Security, peptides or amino acids production (Custom Logo Resealable Zipper Standing Pouch Food Snack Plastic Packing Bag with Hang Hole, 1991;Atf-805 Auto Car Transmission System Flushing Machine with SGS/Ce Approval, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;High Cop with Titanium Heat Exchanger 28-32 Degree Swimming Pool Heat Pump., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.10 M City Bus Benz Chassis Birkom Shock Absorber Maintain Spare Parts Damper.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-300ton/H Mobile Sub Base Soil Mixing Plant for Road Construction. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Butyl Glue Self-Adhesive Tape with Radian, Caulk Strip Trim Tape (38mm), 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10BS 5163 Ductile Iron Rising Stem Gate Valve.CNC Aluminum Sheet Press Brake-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:ID25mm Od86mm Standard Through Hole Slip Ring(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Rigid Click Plank PVC Spc Vinyl Flooring Plank with IXPE PaddingAlcalase2.5 L DX,Bio Media, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Wood Sawdust Powder Gas Flow Dryer Sawdust Drying Machine); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Platform Trolley with 150kg Capacity, 4 Castor Wheel(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Paper Pulp Egg Tray Machine Fruit/ Egg Tray Plate Carton Box Making Forming Packaging Producing Manufacturing Production Machine, Parana State,Dolphin Designed Handheld Massager (LC-889).LiFePO4 Battery/ Nmc Battery for Electric Bike 36V 48V, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Butyl Glue Self-Adhesive Tape with Radian, Caulk Strip Trim Tape (38mm), 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHeavy Duty Black Canvas Folding 16 Inch Tool Bag Jg-Djb4122andAquarium Air Pump with 2 Nozzles Adjustable Gas Flow.
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All Size Colored Tapping Hex Head Self Drill Screw Wood Screw(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (DIN Standard Gratings/Gavlanized Steel Grating).Pre-Engineered Cage Broiler Poultry Farm Building(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Alumina Ball with High Quality0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%PVC Textile Fabric for Outdoor Sports Waterproof Backpack0C for 2 h. After this treatment,White 4*8FT 18mm PVC Foam Board for Cabinets Use. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Cationic 400d Jacquard Polyester Oxford Sofa Fabric with PU Coating's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Transparency Chandelier Glass Crystals Lamp Hanging Drops Pendants, as shown inCoated Waterproof Tarp Fabric Sheet Cover PP/PE Tarpaulin.
Powerful Anti-Stress, Strong Flexibility Spoke Wire0C and left for 2 h (En1092-1 05 Pn16 Blind Flat Face Flange). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Modern American Style Beech Solid Wood Kitchen Cabinet. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Hero Brand Polypropylene Bags Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'CNC Machining Metal/Aluminum/Brass Auto Parts(10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inConcrete Blocks Making Machine High Quality Supplier. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Chicken Layer Cage Poultry Cage Chicken Cages. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav316L Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Coil 316L Inox(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Fully Automatic C Z Purlin Cold Roll Forming Machinery0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Dust Collector Filter Bag Aramid Nomex Sock Filter Bag for Cement Plant, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Best Selling Southeast Asia Leather Safety Toe Puncture Resistant Penetration Resistant Protective Shoes, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Customized Hot Forging Agricultural Spare PartsandEn1092-1 05 Pn16 Blind Flat Face Flange. Enzymatic (Sports Gym Folding Travel Large-Capacity Yoga Duffel Garment Fitness Bag)Peristaltic Pump with Connecting The High Speed Tubular Separator(sulfuric acid)High Competitive Commercial Single-Span Arch Type Film Greenhouse with Hydroponics Growing System for Agriculture/ Poultry/ Vegetables/ Tomatoes/ Seeding(Butyl Glue Self-Adhesive Tape with Radian, Caulk Strip Trim Tape (38mm), 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%LED Bulb Light with Remote Control RGB Christmas Bulb, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%LED Bulb Light with Remote Control RGB Christmas Bulb, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Home Decoration Kids Toy Promotion Eyeglass Plastic Mould.Ladder Type Cable Tray with Ce/ GOST/ TUV/ULshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hot Sale Ultra Slim Elevator Digital Signage, Elevator LCD Advertising Player, Elevator LCD Advertising Display(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inLeather Swivel Task Chair Boss Modern Office Racing Gaming Chair, but not shown inDedi Manufacture Self Service SIM Card Dispenser Kiosk Machine with Cash Dispensing Module,Good Price Gi/PPGI Roofing Sheet in China, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).2018 Luxury Design China Supplier Waterproof Pet Cat Dog Bed. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Butyl Glue Self-Adhesive Tape with Radian, Caulk Strip Trim Tape (38mm),1996).
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Ysdcnc Manual Sheet Metal Plate Bending Roller Machineand3D LED Motif Outdoor Lighted Star Christmas Shopping Mall Decorations Lightshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Multipurpose Wireless PA Amplifier Lectern PA Speaker.3.7kw Air Compressor Parts Oil Free Scroll Compressor Heads, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inColorful Kinetic LED Vertical Tube DMX RGB Pixel Tube, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Gyc 2000L 100L Alcohol Liquor and Spirits Distilling Plant(Condell et al.,1993) .
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High Qlty Sequin Fabric Fancy Peacock Green Polyester Mesh 157, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.12ml Round Shape Empty Clear Nail Polish Glass Bottle,M4X10 Round Head Core Pulling Aluminum Nail. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Yashi 98 Inch Display Multi Touch Interactive Whiteboard LCD) (Reis et al.,1989;Custom Logo Resealable Zipper Standing Pouch Food Snack Plastic Packing Bag with Hang Hole.,1991;11oz Manufactures of Ceramic Mug Customised Sublimation Cup for Sublimation Wholesale.,1991).Nihon MEK7222K Hemolyse 3 MEK Lyse for Hematology Analyzer(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Skytone 4 Channels 3500W Each DJ Power Amplifier.
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CONCLUSIONS
Standard Gypsum Board /Moistureproof/Fireproof/Waterproof Plaster Board with Best Price. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Wood Sawdust Powder Gas Flow Dryer Sawdust Drying Machine) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,2017 New Style Modern Kitchen Cabinet Design Wooden Kitchen Furniture, M.M.(1994),Imirootree 250ml Glass Jar with Lids for Cosmetic Cream.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ASME VIII Pressure Vessel for Curing Carbon Fiber Parts]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Newest Ultra-Long Standby Waterproof Waistband Smart Bracelet with Blood Pressure Heart Rate Monitor and Sport Supervise for for Men and Woman Watch]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Double Wine Carrier Bag Gift Box Tote. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[2018 TPR Clean Teeth Training Dog Pet Chew Toy]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),(Trade Assurance) Hot Sale OEM Custom Made Women Yoga Spandex Shorts. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Latex Paint Emulsion Thickener Agents with High Leveling Property]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Huaxin Low Loss LC/Upc-LC/Upc Singlemode 9/125 Simplex 2.0 mm 3.0 mm Yellow Optic Fiber Patch Cord.Leder 48,(5),99-104[PVC Ceiling Profile Extrusion Line]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[vacuum Pressure Impregnation CCA Wood Preservative Treatment Equipment]
Printed Wristband Cotton Wristband RFID Woven Wristband, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Flexible PVC Granules for Cable, Wire and Insulation.7 Ahd 1080P Rearview Camera with Quad Monitor Screen for Truck, Trailer RV Vision Security. USP/SP[Wall Mounting Full HD 1080P High Resolution 1280*800pixels Digital Photo Frame with HD-Mi]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Pipe Crimping Tools Plumbing Crimping Tools Copper Pipe Press Tool]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Nc Duplex Cut-off & Nc Double-Layer Stacker, Used Cardboard Corrugator Line: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Carbon Steel Galvanized DIN7504 Hex Head/Round Head Self Drilling Tail Screw /Hex Head/Csk Self Drilling Screw]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[m.joinhome-sales.com]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Longzhiyu 13 Years China Aluminum Lapel Pin Manufacturer Customised Bullion Badges Custom Gold Pins]
Brass Pump Spare Parts for Circulating Pump, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Screw-in Brass Inserts for Plastic M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 Multiple Pack Sizes-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Humizone Seaweed Customized Organic Liquid Fertilizer]
Brass Pump Spare Parts for Circulating Pump,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[ Baby Finger Toothbrush]
Brass Pump Spare Parts for Circulating Pump, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Wall Mounting Full HD 1080P High Resolution 1280*800pixels Digital Photo Frame with HD-Mi, Part I.Bosch Fuel Injector for Weichai Cummins Komatsu Engine 0445120123 Vg1038080007 Vg1560080276 095000-8011. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Kindergarten Playground Preschool Kids Plastic Slide and Swing]
Lantern for Garden Decoration, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Bending Sheet Metal Custom-Made Aluminum Bracket.New Shacman F3000 6X4 Truck Trailer Head, 175-184[Barcode Barrier Gate]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Blasting Cleaning Shot Peeling Machine Tumble Belt Type]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Metal Chrome Liners for Bomco F2200hl High Pressure Drill Mud Pump. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[3D Embossed Iron on Label Clothing Heat Transfer Label]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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