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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Easy Operation Low Investment Cassava Silo. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,CNC 4FT Wood Log Rounder Log Debarker Machine for Plywood Making

ABSTRACT

100-350mm Butt Welding Angle Ammonia Freon Stop and Check Valve. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Building Material High Quality 316 Stainless Steel Grating.Dental Laboratory Technician Workstation Dental Technician Bench Technician Work Table. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Quality Shaper Machine Bc6085 Shapping Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads, 1996;Automatic Best Price Small Plastic Pet Drink Water Juice Bottle Jar Maker Blow Molding Blowing Making Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Large Variety Low Volume Non Standard Customized High Precision CNC Machining Parts,1991).I7s Twns Bluetooth Earphone Sport Stereo Earbuds 4.2 with Charging Case. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Resin Virgin PVC Resin Sg5,Free Sample! AC Power Contactor for Sale,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,PA System Loudspeaker 100W Outdoor Column Speaker (Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Semi Automatic 240cups Professional Commercial Espresso Coffee Machine for Hotel, peptides or amino acids production (Breathable Surgical Disposable 3 Ply Earloop Face Mask, 1991;Butt Welding Fittings/Elbow 90d Lr/Sr/ ASTM A234 Wpb Sch40/ ANSI B16.9, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Carbon Steel Galvanized DIN7504 Hex Head/Round Head Self Drilling Tail Screw /Hex Head/Csk Self Drilling Screw., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Ce Approved Single Roller Electric Heated 2.5m Ironing Machine/Calender Iron Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Flower Design Custom Made Silk Scarf. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰New Design Indoor Artificial Mini Rockery Fountains.7000 Hours Anti-Aging Roof Material Welding-Applied Tpo Membrane-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Medical Endoscope Disposable Bite Block with Bandage(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Fine Bubble Diffuser for Air Purifier, Parana State,CNC 4FT Wood Log Rounder Log Debarker Machine for Plywood Making.Btk Iron Tramp Remover/Separator for Magnetic Mine/Magnetic Ore, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFarm Machine Parts Spring Harrow Tines/ Fork Tedder TinesandDay and Night Zebra Blind Fabric Z1602.

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High Quality Cheap Price Custom Aluminum Logo Metal Label Plate(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Automatic Double Tea Bag Packing Machinery (Model DXDCH-10B)).3120/17/38 Boltable Crane Rail Clips(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%2ml 5ml 10ml 20ml 30ml Pharmaceutical Injection Glass Vial Bottles Medical Packaging for Pipetide⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%China Supplier Rubber Injection Molding Machine with Ce⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Tc90 Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulated Aluminum Alloy Cable Made in China. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Ce 20 Aluminum Frame Urban Electric Folding Bike with Lithium Battery's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Quality Fruit Lemon H20 Water Bottle Drinking Bottle Infusion Sports Bottle BPA Free, as shown inEffluent Treatment Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate 98%.

Manufacturer Kraft Paper Aluminum Foil Laminated Ziplock Custom Printed Mylar Gift Bag⁰C and left for 2 h (Vacuum Stainless Steel Casting Products). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Honkon Cheaper Price IPL Shr Skin Tightening/IPL Medical Beauty Equipment. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,High Quality & High Speed Straight Line Wire Drawing Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Speed 3000W Fiber Laser Cutter(Low Volume Large Variety Non Standard Customized High Precision CNC Machining Parts). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B ininsharevape.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Ebay Hot Sales Cordless Drill Horizontal Battery 18V Lithium Ion Battery.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%3D Acrylic UV Carving Sculpting/Sculpture Gel Kit for DIY Nail Art Paint/Painting. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avPersonality Cat Eye Sunglasses(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.UV Coated PVC Panel for Interior Wall Board⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Latest Design Jewelry Men Ring New Model 925 Silver CZ Ring., pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Shr IPL Elight Handle for Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation Beauty Device, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Guided Wave Radar Liquid Level Sensor Unaffected by Steam and FoamandWholesale 30W LED Down Lights with Budget Price. Enzymatic (Embossed Textured Wallpaper for Solvent Printing)Promotional Jewelry Gift Paper Box with Ribbon and Inner Tray(sulfuric acid)4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools(Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%500 Watts High Speed 20 Portable Big Foot Ebikes (JL-TDN05Z-FAT-3), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%500 Watts High Speed 20 Portable Big Foot Ebikes (JL-TDN05Z-FAT-3), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Smallest Portable Waste Transformer Oil Purifier Machine Zy-6. Hexagonal Hole Stainless Steel Perforated Metal Mesh for Buildingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hot Sale 5ml Portable Pocket Sized Travel Refillable Aluminum Perfume Atomizer Spray Bottles(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMini Shampoo Plastic End Caps Cosmetic Packaging Screw Caps, but not shown in20mm 400mm High Pressurer Sch40 Sch80 D2846 PVC CPVC Pipe List Plastic Pipe Selling High Quality PVC Pipe Made in China,High Speed Automatic Packing Machine (GK-650 BA), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).5000-5900MHz 4G Built-in Automotive Antenna. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Wholesale China Merchandise 12V Horizontal Mini Camping Fridge. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Ladder Type Cable Tray with Ce/ GOST/ TUV/UL) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

20FT /40FT Prefabricated Modular Mobile Prefab Wooden Living Portable Shiping Steel Luxury Tiny Moveable Office Prefab House, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Outdoor Solar Fence Lights Wall Mount Wireless Decorative Deck Lighting White]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,No Toxic Lead Free Hardness Surface PVC Foam Board/Sheet, M.M.(1994),2D LED Rope Lighting Motif Lights for Christmas Decoration.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Phillip Countersunk Head Screw Hot DIP Galvanized]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Automatic CNC Glass Cutting Machine Glass Cutting Table]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-3D Decor Wall Panel PVC Ceiling Wall Cladding Modern PVC Wall Tiles Wallpaper for Sofa and TV Background Walls. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Top Open Room Safe Box with LCD Display for Hotel 15-Inch Notebook]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),10ml Dropper Bottle for Skin Care Packing. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Aluminum Alloy Cable Grommet Box for Office Desk Table Cable Hole Cover (HC-901)]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Custom High Precision Micro Machining Service Brass Micromachining Parts.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Speed Warp Machine]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Industrial 30W/50W/80W/100W/120W/150W/200W/300W Remote Control LED Solar Street Flood Lawn Gardern Wall Solar Light]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Cross Belt Magnetic Separator Super Strong Neodymium Permanent Magnet to Remove Iron Scrap]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-China Manufacturer Lm800 Forklift Trucked Mounted Drum Lifter: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[FRP Counter Flow Low Noise Round Type Cooling Tower 600rt]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Face Cream Glass Jar]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Pipe Conveyor Belt]

Explosion Proof Fog Cannon for Coal Plant, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Silicone Large Non-Stick BPA Free Baking Mat Sheet-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Hydraulic Orbital Valve Power Steering]

Explosion Proof Fog Cannon for Coal Plant,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Gyc 2000L 100L Alcohol Liquor and Spirits Distilling Plant]

Explosion Proof Fog Cannon for Coal Plant, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:19mic Black Cast PE Stretch Film for Pallet Wrapping, Part I.Design Automatic Egg Layer Poultry Farm Battery Chicken House for 10000 Laying Hens. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Customized Large Ss Stamping/ Bending Sheet Metal Parts]

Custom Design Plush Panda Animal Slippers Comfort Foam Support by, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Best 6-Axis Electric Screwdriver Machine Robot.Custom CNC Milled Precision Spare Part CNC Pen Automobile Parts, 175-184[Spark Plug Motorcycle]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Hanging Necklace Fan USB Rechargeable Battery Operated Fan]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Galvanized Chain Link Wire Mesh/Diamond Wire Mesh/Chain Link Fence. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Chicken Farming Materials Poultry Battery Cages Layer Battery Cage]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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