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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.

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Abstract

China Supply Custom Good Wax Warmer Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Crochet Hand Warmers Products Cheap Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance.China Supply Custom Antibiotic Ivermectin Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic Kids Outdoor Playground Slide Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shanghai Mutong Toys.Wholesale CE High Quality Mica Tape And Fiber Glass Insulating Wire And Cable Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Supply OEM Custom Artificial Plants Trees Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co.Risk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale CE High Quality Nail Product Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedSupply OEM Custom Cold Rolled Steel Straps Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Best Sources Of Dietary Fiber Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc(EVLA),Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Professional Hair Straightener Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Supply OEM Custom Agriculture Plastic Tote Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Car Machine Wash Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - MingouLed Aluminium Pcb

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Artemisinin 99% Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing MedicinesThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale CE High Quality Clotrimazole Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Wholesale CE High Quality Good Hair Straightener Brush Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY).Wholesale CE High Quality Pressure Washer Hose Adapter Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - MingouChina Supply Custom Sodium Cyclamate Manufacturernate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin D Capsules Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale CE High Quality Large Plastic Containers Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.Supply OEM Custom Mezzanine Level Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Timber Shelves Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom Tall Bookshelves Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE,China Supply Custom Glass Block Bricks Price Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,China Supply Custom Carbon Steel Parts Products Cheap Price - Fenghe, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Wholesale CE High Quality Mica Tape And Fiber Glass Insulating Wire And Cable Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Supply OEM Custom Negative Ion Hair Brush Straightener Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Automatic Metal Parts Powder Coating Line Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Led Nail Uv Lamp Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY, such as acute DVT,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wooden Kitchen Shelves Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVEpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,China Supply Custom hydrocolloid dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen,China Supply Custom Hot Dipped Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,China Supply Custom Ammonium Bicarbonate Vegan Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale CE High Quality Vital Protein Pea Protein Isolate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge RocThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Wholesale CE High Quality Building Nails Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Supply OEM Custom Kid Drawing Board Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&E). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stationary Type Five Axis Reciprocating Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Supply OEM Custom Vitamin B Complex Capsules Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Supply OEM Custom Bus Spray Paint Cabinet Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Soybean Dietary Fibre Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. Alternatively,Wholesale CE High Quality Fiber Diet Chart Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Foldable Plastic Crat Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Synovial Tenosynovitis Stickers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen

Wholesale CE High Quality Soy Milk Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Ltd.,Wholesale CE High Quality Grocery Store Shelves For Sale Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE,Full Auto Production LineWholesale CE High Quality Industrial Extension Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering, recurrence rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Cheap Materials For Nail Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Grader Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe,Supply OEM Custom Rubber Hose Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,China Supply Custom Baling Steel Strapping Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Weight Of Iron Nails Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Folding Jib Aerial Working Vehicle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Wholesale CE High Quality Kids Hot Water Bottle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance,Supply OEM Custom Plastic Crate Storage Crates Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.

Radiofrequency ablation

Supply OEM Custom Plastic Storage Basket Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Vegetable Protein Isolate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom Where Can I Get Baking Soda Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom Best Handheld Steam Iron Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY,China Supply Custom Aluminium Casting CNC Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint Machinery

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale CE High Quality Motor Wire Winding Machines Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hand Warmer Packs Factory & Supplier Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance.Supply OEM Custom Mutivitamin Syrup Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing MedicinesObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fancy Phone Case Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologySupply OEM Custom Automotive Spray Booth Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (China Supply Custom Welded Wire Mesh 9 Gauge Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin C Brands Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines

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Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.China Supply Custom Antibiotics Oral Suspension Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,Led Motor Toyota Logo Signs

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Wholesale CE High Quality Best Pea Protein Powder For Weight Loss Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Supply OEM Custom Nested And Plastic Box Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.,China Supply Custom Vitamin B Complex Syrup Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines.China Supply Custom Strand Rc Silicone Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Natural Soya Bean Lecithin Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin Ad3e Injection Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale CE High Quality Fire Resistant Cable Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale CE High Quality Oil Antimalarials Easy To Use Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale CE High Quality Pine Shelving Timber Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Supply OEM Custom Painting Palette Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Unionrise I&E.Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin B12 Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing MedicinesIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 Inch Chain Link Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limitedand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,China Supply Custom Soya Bean Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Synthetic Turf Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Bird Cage Welded Wire Mesh Roll Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedChina Supply Custom Galvanized Wire Mesh 2 Mesh 5x5 Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Folding Shopping Crate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.;Supply OEM Custom Warehouse Racking Costs Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale CE High Quality Sprouted Brown Rice Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Spraying Paint Reciprocating Equipment Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringHowever, high-China Supply Custom Floating Timber Shelving Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE-term follow-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Teflon Twin Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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