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Fan Lin
1Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China
Shiyi Zhang
2Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong, China
Yan Sun
2Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong, China
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1Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China
Peng Liu
1Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China
Abstract
Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wood Shelves For Sale Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale CE High Quality Automotive Spray Booth Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Whey Protein Products Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Cheap Whey Protein Isolate Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Sodium Saccharin Uses Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.
Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%. Ltd.Risk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Soft Iron Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited–Supply OEM Custom Animal Medicine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing MedicinesHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale CE High Quality Foot Bath Mat Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.(EVLA),Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Warehouse Pallet Racking Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Supply OEM Custom Rubber Hose Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou.Supply OEM Custom Bulk Pea Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc–Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin Drugs Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines
Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins
Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Supply OEM Custom 18w 36w Uv Led Nail Dryer Lamp Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hanging Conveyor System Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Supply OEM Custom Costco Hand Warmers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance).Ltd.Wholesale CE High Quality Nails Machine Making Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.Supply OEM Custom 60 Ml Black Face Mask Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen,Ltd.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hand Warmers Gloves Products Cheap Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Supply OEM Custom Teflon Twin Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.
Table 1
CEAP classification: C (clinical component)
Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins
The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Foil Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic High Pressure Water Hose Products Cheap Price - MingouSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,China Supply Custom Concrete Steel Nail Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.
Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gun-Fix Automatic Uv Paint Spraying Line Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,USA Flagbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Atv Hand Warmers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.
Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Now Organic Pea Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc, such as acute DVT, Ltd.pregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale CE High Quality Thermocouple Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale CE High Quality Teflon 30awg Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Salbutamol Syrup Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.
Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins
Conventional surgical stripping
All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Supply OEM Custom Sandblasting Gun Products Cheap Price - MingouThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Ltd.It is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Supply OEM Custom Excavator Rock Bucket Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,China Supply Custom Good Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.
Table 2
Complications after different modalities for varicose veins
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Supply OEM Custom Food Grade Use Of Ammonium Bicarbonate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Wholesale CE High Quality Professional Hair Straightening Comb Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Robotic Spray Painting Line Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering. Alternatively,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Grass Carpet For Garden Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Shaft Pressing Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom High Pressure Air Hose Products Cheap Price - Mingou
Supply OEM Custom Kid Drawing Board Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&E, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Supply OEM Custom Online Shopping Sodium Saccharin 8-16 Mesh Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom Hanging Bookshelves Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE,Wholesale CE High Quality medical sterile adhesive pads Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenChina Supply Custom Artificial Light Maple Tree Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd., recurrence rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Artificial Leaf Craft Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Organic Sprouted Brown Rice Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom 818 36w 4x9w Bulbs Nail Dryer Uv Lamp Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY
Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,China Supply Custom Snowing Artificial Christmas Trees Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.Wholesale CE High Quality Phone Case For Iphone 6 Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs Technology;Supply OEM Custom Unique Bookshelves Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Wholesale CE High Quality C6h12nnao3s - Sodium Cyclamate Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Mylar Ziplock Bags
Radiofrequency ablation
Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plaster For Rheumatism Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Pvc Insulated And Sheathed Wires Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.
Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Backhoe Loader Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe, Ltd.,Supply OEM Custom Infusion Stickers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen
Foam sclerotherapy
Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Spray Machine For Paint Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Supply OEM Custom Sheep Wire Mesh Fence Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Powder Spraying Production Line Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,China Supply Custom Albendazole For Oral Suspension Products Cheap Price - KeMing MedicinesWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM White Nuisance Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Wholesale CE High Quality Bone Damage Stickers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.China Supply Custom Artificial Palm Tree Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.
Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.
Ambulatory phlebectomy
Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Ltd.,Supply OEM Custom Automatic Powder Spraying Line Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering
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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Calcium Propionate Manufacturing Process Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Supply OEM Custom ECO-Friendly Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.,China Supply Custom Rivet Nut Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe.Wholesale CE High Quality Trenchless Machinery Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FengheWholesale CE High Quality Artificial Sports Turf Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Artificial Palm Tree Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Artificial Real Touch Leaves Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Where Can I Get Baking Soda Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Spray Coating Equipment Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Supply OEM Custom Anticoughtin Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines.Supply OEM Custom Capsicum Plaster Factory & Supplier Price - XingzhichenIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportChina Supply Custom Battery Operated Nail Dryer Lamp Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Make Up Female Mannequin Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Price Sodium Bicarbonate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc
Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Wholesale CE High Quality Co-Trimoxazoleoral Suspension Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing MedicinesWholesale CE High Quality Cheap Barbed Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Textile Cleaning Gun Products Cheap Price - Mingou;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Snowing Artificial Christmas Trees Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nail Product Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited,China Supply Custom Fever Plaster Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenHowever, high-China Supply Custom Wire Fencing Materials Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited-term follow-China Supply Custom Automated Conveyor System Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.
Acknowledgments
The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.
References
Articles fromInternational Surgeryare provided here courtesy ofInternational College of Surgeons
