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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
PMCID:PMC4301287
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Abstract

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Electronic Hair Straightener Brush Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale CE High Quality Cell Phone Accessories Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.Supply OEM Custom Warehouse Racking Installation Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Cutting Edge Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe.China Supply Custom 818 36w 4x9w Bulbs Nail Dryer Uv Lamp Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale CE High Quality Ammonium Bicarbonate Used For Biscuits Products Cheap Price - Huge RocRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Supply OEM Custom Animal Veterinary Medicine Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines– Ltd.High ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Supply OEM Custom Nail Led Lamp Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY(EVLA),Wholesale CE High Quality Storage Plastic Crate Black Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Supply OEM Custom Acne Mask Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plaster For Arthritis Pain Relief Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen–Supply OEM Custom What Foods Have Fiber In It Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Wholesale CE High Quality Fiber Supplements Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic Storage Box Folding Crate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Organic Rice Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM White Nuisance Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenWholesale CE High Quality Now Sports Pea Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Facial Patch Mask Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen,Supply OEM Custom Used Chain Link Fence For Sale Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Coil Nails For Pallets Price Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale CE High Quality Tattoo Barbed Wire Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Powder Coating Spray Booth Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Supply OEM Custom Organic Pea Protein Powder Bulk Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge RocSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Supply OEM Custom Custom Made Plastic Crate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Thhn Thwn Electrical Wire 16 Awg Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Motor Component Products Cheap Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.because the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Pea Protein Powder Where To Buy Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Supply OEM Custom High Fiber High Protein Foods Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc, such as acute DVT,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Oral Injectable Grade Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicinespregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stator Forming Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.,China Supply Custom Folding Plastic Crate Maker Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wholesale CE High Quality Bromhexine Hydrochloride Syrup Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale CE High Quality Timber Cube Shelves Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVEThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve. Ltd.It is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Supply OEM Custom Pea Protein Isolate Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Metal T Post Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Supply OEM Custom Cheap Small Plastic Containers Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Wholesale CE High Quality Calcium Propionate Uses Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Pet Artificial Turf Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. Alternatively,China Supply Custom Vitamin B9 Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines.Supply OEM Custom Synovial Tenosynovitis Stickers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen.Supply OEM Custom Nail Lamp Sun T9 Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Face Paint Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&E, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Supply OEM Custom What Is Whey Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ul10064 Ptfe Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,China Supply Custom self adhesive wound dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenChina Supply Custom Pt100 Compensate Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering, recurrence rates,China Supply Custom Phone Shell Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Brown Rice Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom Wound Dressing With Silver Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale CE High Quality Price Of Isolated Soy Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ulcer Wound Dressing Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen;Wholesale CE High Quality Kid Drawing Board Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&E. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Wholesale CE High Quality Pvc Hose Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou,Supply OEM Custom Special Assembly Line Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.

Radiofrequency ablation

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Tensile Strength 16 Gauge Tie Wire Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Poultry Antibiotics Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.China Supply Custom Buy Rice Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Crate For Turnover Container Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Wholesale CE High Quality Fermented Brown Rice Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Poultry Vitamin E Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Supply OEM Custom Untensil Aluminium Circle Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.China Supply Custom Hangzhou Jinding Aluminium Industry Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shuanglin Jiate Metal TechnologyObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Washing Machine Parts Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - MingouChina Supply Custom Injection Machine Plastic Crates Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Wholesale CE High Quality 18 Gauge Binding Wire Specifications Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stator Forming Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Supply OEM Custom Disposable Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fence Mesh Chicken Wire Mesh Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited

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Wholesale CE High Quality Pea Protein Reviews Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Wholesale CE High Quality Disposable Antibacterial Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen,Wholesale CE High Quality Patch Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen. Ltd.Wholesale CE High Quality Fermented Brown Rice Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Battery Operated Nail Dryer Lamp Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.Wholesale CE High Quality Solid Plastic Crates Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom High Soluble Fiber Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Rebar Tying Wire Spool Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,China Supply Custom Protein Rice Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Calcium Propionate Vegan Products Cheap Price - Huge RocIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale CE High Quality Fiber Diets For Adults Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Rocand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Supply OEM Custom Galvanized Steel Mesh Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM High Pressure Hose Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Dump ChassisChina Supply Custom Synthetic Plant Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..China Supply Custom Neural Relaxation Patch Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen;China Supply Custom Flowers Artificial Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.China Supply Custom Organic Soy Lecithin Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 99% Artemisinin Products Cheap Price - KeMing MedicinesHowever, high-China Supply Custom Good Wax Warmer Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY-term follow-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Crochet Hand Warmers Products Cheap Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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