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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM adhesive wound dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Supply OEM Custom Single Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.Supply OEM Custom Can Inside Spray Painting Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Make Up Female Mannequin Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Best High Fiber Diet Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Supply OEM Custom Plaster For Rheumatism Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale CE High Quality Bulk Supply High Quality Soy Protein Isolate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc–Wholesale CE High Quality Bathroom Mat Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co.High ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,China Supply Custom Antibiotics Oral Suspension Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines(EVLA),China Supply Custom Table Fan Winding Machine Products Cheap Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Supply OEM Custom Stainless Steel Nozzle Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou.China Supply Custom Cheap Small Plastic Containers Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.–China Supply Custom Artificial Trees Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co.

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Wholesale CE High Quality Barbed Wire Length Per Roll Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries LimitedThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Supply OEM Custom Tpu Phone Case Iphone 5s Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Wholesale CE High Quality Tattoo Barbed Wire Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited).Wholesale CE High Quality Ammonium Bicarbonate Used For Biscuits Products Cheap Price - Huge RocSupply OEM Custom 98% Soya Lecithin/Soybean Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Animal Veterinary Medicine Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines,Rice Drying MachineSupply OEM Custom Electric Fast Hair Straightener Brush Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,China Supply Custom Cell Phone Case And Accessories Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.

Table 1

CEAP classification: C (clinical component)

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Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plaster For Arthritis Pain Relief Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen,Wholesale CE High Quality Fiber Supplements Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Pea Protein Wholesale Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Organic Rice Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge RocHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Supply OEM Custom Welded Wire Mesh Roll Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limitedbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Colored Folding Plastic Containers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Supply OEM Custom Brown Rice And Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc, such as acute DVT,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM White Nuisance Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichenpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Supply OEM Custom Storage Pallets For Sale Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE,Supply OEM Custom Stator Testing Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.,Supply OEM Custom Warehouse Rack & Shelf Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Facial Patch Mask Products Cheap Price - XingzhichenThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.China Supply Custom Organic Whey Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Powder Coating Spray Booth Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Supply OEM Custom Mutivitamin Syrup Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Supply OEM Custom Ammonium Bicarbonat Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Supply OEM Custom Organic Pea Protein Powder Bulk Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge RocIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Plastick Storge Plastic Crate Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. Alternatively,Supply OEM Custom Aspartame Sodium Saccharin In Cold Drink Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale CE High Quality Best Dietary Fiber Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Thhn Thwn Electrical Wire 16 Awg Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering

Supply OEM Custom Kid Drawing Board Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Unionrise I&E, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Oral Injectable Grade Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale CE High Quality Timber Cube Shelves Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE,China Supply Custom On-Line Tracking Spray Painting Machine For Air Conditioner Casing Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringSupply OEM Custom Non Gmo Soy Lecithin Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc, recurrence rates,China Supply Custom Bakers Ammonia Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc. Ltd.,Supply OEM Custom Pea Protein Isolate Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale CE High Quality Speed Depilatory Roll On Wax Heater Roller Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYWholesale CE High Quality Calcium Propionate Uses Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Easy Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Supply OEM Custom Nail Lamp Sun T9 Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY,China Supply Custom B Compound Vitamins Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines

Radiofrequency ablation

Supply OEM Custom Reduction Box Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,China Supply Custom Slitted Aluminum Strip Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom What Is Whey Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ul10064 Ptfe Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Brown Rice Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale CE High Quality Medical Pain Relief Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Agricultural Tractor Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe.China Supply Custom Wound Dressing With Silver Factory & Supplier Price - XingzhichenObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Wholesale CE High Quality Best Hair Straightener Comb Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYChina Supply Custom Mfa Insulation Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ulcer Wound Dressing Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Wholesale CE High Quality Pvc Hose Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou

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Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Crate For Turnover Container Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,China Supply Custom Mechanical Robotic Painting Machine Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering

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Supply OEM Custom Light Plastic Crate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.China Supply Custom Plastic Crate Alibaba China Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Expendable Thermocouple Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale CE High Quality Fermented Brown Rice Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Weight Of Iron Nails Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Supply OEM Custom Nail Lamp Sun T9 Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Green Pea Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom OEM Mobile Phone Case Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.Supply OEM Custom Vitamin C Brands Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Supply OEM Custom 1L Foam Lance Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou.China Supply Custom Hangzhou Jinding Aluminium Industry Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shuanglin Jiate Metal TechnologyIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale CE High Quality 18 Gauge Binding Wire Specifications Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limitedand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Adhesive Plaster Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stator Forming Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,50w Fiber Laser Marking MachineChina Supply Custom Tornado Gun Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou.Wholesale CE High Quality Supplementary Electrolyte Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines;Supply OEM Custom Car Spray Booth Paint Cabinet Baking Oven Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale CE High Quality Logistic Plastic Crate With Lid Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Supply OEM Custom Disposable Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenHowever, high-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Organic Black Facial Mask Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen-term follow-Supply OEM Custom Ivermectin Injection 1% Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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