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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

China Supply Custom Brown Rice Protein Powder Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM High Pressure Hose Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou.Supply OEM Custom Cold Rolled Steel Straps Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM What Vegetables Are High In Fiber Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale CE High Quality Doxycycline Antimalarial Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Supply OEM Custom Kid Drawing Board Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&ERisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Supply OEM Custom Bus Spray Paint Cabinet Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering–Supply OEM Custom Synovial Tenosynovitis Stickers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Supply OEM Custom Soy Lecithin Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc(EVLA),Wholesale CE High Quality Low Price Natural Soya Bean Lecithin Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Rehabilitation Products Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen.Ltd.–Wholesale CE High Quality Unique Bookshelves Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Wholesale CE High Quality Grocery Store Shelves For Sale Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVEThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Supply OEM Custom Plastic Crates Maker Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Wholesale CE High Quality Grader Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe).Supply OEM Custom Rubber Hose Factory & Supplier Price - MingouChina Supply Custom Mobile Phone Case Suppliers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Weight Of Iron Nails Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited,China Supply Custom Rotor Balancing Machine Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.Supply OEM Custom Fence Post Concret Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Supply OEM Custom Good Whey Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom Where Can I Get Baking Soda Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom Best Handheld Steam Iron Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Supply OEM Custom Collapsible Plastic Crate With Handle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.China Supply Custom Aluminium Casting CNC Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint MachineryHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Ltd.because the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Palette Knife Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Unionrise I&E, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

China Supply Custom Farm Machine Loosening Soil Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fenghe, such as acute DVT,Supply OEM Custom Mutivitamin Syrup Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicinespregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Organic Sprouted Brown Rice Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Adjustable Wire Shelving Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Protein Powder Pea Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.China Supply Custom Welded Wire Mesh 9 Gauge Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries LimitedThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin C Brands Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing MedicinesIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Professional Nail Dryer Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,China Supply Custom Professional Hair Curler Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-t02.jpg

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Wholesale CE High Quality Timber Cube Shelves Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.China Supply Custom Antibiotics Oral Suspension Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing MedicinesIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Sewage Hose Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou. Alternatively,Supply OEM Custom Led Nail Light Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.China Supply Custom Pvc Coated Wire Mesh Fence Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Strand Rc Silicone Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering

Supply OEM Custom 3x3 Galvanized Welded Wire Fence Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin B12 Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 Inch Chain Link Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,China Supply Custom Sodium Saccharin Price Products Cheap Price - Huge RocWholesale CE High Quality Pea Protein Food Ingredients Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc, recurrence rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Floor Mats Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..China Supply Custom Synthetic Turf Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.,Wholesale CE High Quality Sprouted Brown Rice Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Supply OEM Custom hydrophilic polymer Factory & Supplier Price - XingzhichenWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Spraying Paint Reciprocating Equipment Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering;China Supply Custom China Wholesale Sodium Cyclamate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Easy Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen,www.tstartincan.net

Radiofrequency ablation

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Newest Phone Case Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Supply OEM Custom Animal Medicine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. Ltd.,China Supply Custom Antipyretic And Analgesic Injection Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale CE High Quality Herbal Extract Pain Relief Patch Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen

Foam sclerotherapy

China Supply Custom Wire Mesh Used Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,China Supply Custom Q235 High Tensile Blue Steel Strapping Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Electric Hot Water Bottle Argos Products Cheap Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical ApplianceObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Aluminum-Plastic SeparatingWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ulcer Wound Dressing Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Steel Strapping Tools Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Adjustable Wire Shelving Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Supply OEM Custom High Fiber High Protein Foods Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom Benefits Of Baking Soda Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc

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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Temperature Control Wax Pot Heater Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Supply OEM Custom 8 - Pea Protein Isolate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom High Pressure Water Hose Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 1/4 Steel Strapping Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries LimitedChina Supply Custom 1/4 Pressure Washer Drain Sewer Cleaning Nozzle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wooden Bathroom Shelves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Garage Shelving Systems Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Silver Welding Rod Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Elite Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,China Supply Custom Turf Artificial Grass Football Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Multi-Function Plastic Crate With Lid Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.It aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale CE High Quality Doxycycline Antimalarial Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicinesand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Supply OEM Custom Galvanized Nails For Nail Gun Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin K1 Injectable Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Wholesale CE High Quality Wire Shelving Units Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVEChina Supply Custom Electronic Hair Straightener Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.China Supply Custom Hard Drawn Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Large Artificial Trees Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Supply OEM Custom Cheap Whey Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Salbutamol Syrup Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing MedicinesHowever, high-China Supply Custom Plastic Net Baskets Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.-term follow-China Supply Custom Vented Crate Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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