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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
doi:CCWDM
PMCID:PMC4301287
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Abstract

Supply OEM Custom Chromel Alumel Thermocouple Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on China Supply Custom Isp Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gold Detox Foot Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen.China Supply Custom Calcium Alginate Dressing Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Factory Outlet Sunone Uv Led Nail Lamp Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Powder Spraying Production Line Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale CE High Quality Bone Damage Stickers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen–China Supply Custom Artificial Palm Tree Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.High ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale CE High Quality Building Nails Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited(EVLA),Wholesale CE High Quality Aluminum Die Casting Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint Machinery(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),China Supply Custom Rheumatism Stickers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 20/22/24/26gauge Wire Tinned Copper Conductor Led Lamp Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering–10mm Metal Cube

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Ltd.The diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.China Supply Custom hemostasis Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Wholesale CE High Quality Trenchless Machinery Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe).Supply OEM Custom Capsicum Plaster Factory & Supplier Price - XingzhichenChina Supply Custom Natural Dietary Fiber Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Battery Operated Nail Dryer Lamp Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY,Supply OEM Custom Painting Toolings & Jigs Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Phone Case Website Products Cheap Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale CE High Quality Bronze Welding Rod Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nail Product Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited,China Supply Custom Fever Plaster Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,China Supply Custom Antibiotic Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.China Supply Custom Table Fan Winding Machine Products Cheap Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.However, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Gate Valve Good Pricebecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Soy Protein Shakes Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Soybean Dietary Fibre Factory Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc, such as acute DVT,China Supply Custom Hair Straightening Brush Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Whey Protein Powder Benefits Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom Animal Veterinary Medicine Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines,Supply OEM Custom Cheap Whey Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Supply OEM Custom Organic Pea Protein Suppliers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Cfm Whey Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Wholesale CE High Quality Organic Protein Shake Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,China Supply Custom Nested Plastic Crates Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-t02.jpg

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Wholesale CE High Quality Industrial Aluminum Foil Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Wholesale CE High Quality Automotive Spray Booth Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Where To Find Pea Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. Alternatively,China Supply Custom What Is Pea Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Welded Wire Mesh Sizes Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Calcium Propionate Made In China Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Shaft Inserting Machine Products Cheap Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd., no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.China Supply Custom Ammonium Bicarbonate In Biscuits Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fence Barb Wire Arm Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,Australia Standard Temporary FenceSupply OEM Custom Unflavored Brown Rice Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc, recurrence rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Electric Heat Bag Products Cheap Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance.Supply OEM Custom Mutivitamin Syrup Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale CE High Quality Ring Shank Nail Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale CE High Quality Inside Spraying Painting Machine Forglass Bottles Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringChina Supply Custom Professional Nail Dryer Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY;Wholesale CE High Quality Muscle Protein Powder Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Supply OEM Custom Sand Blasting Nozzle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou,Survival Kit Tin

Radiofrequency ablation

Supply OEM Custom Custom Facial Mask Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,China Supply Custom Eagle Wire Shelving Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Tennis Court Synthetic Turf Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co.,Supply OEM Custom Brown Rice Based Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom Multicolor Artificial Green Leaf Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co.

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale CE High Quality Rubber Floor Mats Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,China Supply Custom Wooden Wall Shelves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Temperature Control Wax Pot Heater Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ammonium Bicarbonate 1066-33-7 Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge RocWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Materials Used In Making Nails Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (China Supply Custom Library Mobile Shelving Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.China Supply Custom Modular Metal Shelving Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Supply OEM Custom Stainless Steel Nozzle Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou,CITROEN

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Supply OEM Custom Liquid Emulsifier Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Supply OEM Custom Standard Custom Five Axis Reciprocating Machine With Four Plates Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale CE High Quality Smooth Slitted Aluminum Strip Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.China Supply Custom Electric Motor Housing Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint MachinerySupply OEM Custom Whey Protein Shake Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Maintenance Free Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality 4mm Welding Rod Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Farm Iron Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 99% Artemisinin Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Maintenance Free Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Saccharin Sodium 20-40 Mesh Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge RocIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportSupply OEM Custom G1/4 F Snow Foam Lance Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingouand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,China Supply Custom Custom Wood Shelving Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE.Ltd.

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Supply OEM Custom Nail Head Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedSupply OEM Custom Calcium Propionate For Food Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Oem Hair Straightener Comb Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fiber Intake Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.China Supply Custom Automatic Painting Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Organic Pea Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocHowever, high-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Calcium Propionate Vegan Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc-term follow-Supply OEM Custom Sandblasting Gun Products Cheap Price - Mingou.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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