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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

China Supply Custom Mobile Phone Case Exporters Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale CE High Quality Multi Color Nail Drill Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.China Supply Custom New Energy Stator Winding Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Hot Sale Isolated Soy Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Truck Mounted Crane Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fenghe.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Rivet Nut Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FengheRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gi Binding Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited–Supply OEM Custom Galvanized Steel Wire Mesh 3mm Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,China Supply Custom Effervescent Tablets Vd Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines(EVLA),Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin K1 Injectable Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Lean And Healthy Pea Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale CE High Quality Pressure Washer Inlet Filter Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou–Microwave Oven Membrane Switch Panel

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Supply OEM Custom OEM Mobile Phone Case Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologyThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Supply OEM Custom Craft Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&E. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (China Supply Custom Sodium Cyclohexylsulfamate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc).China Supply Custom Single Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedChina Supply Custom Intermediate Forming Machine Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..China Supply Custom Rubber Bathroom Floor Mats Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.,Four Cylinder Scissor LiftWholesale CE High Quality Folding Go Cart Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Customized Assembly Line Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..

Table 1

CEAP classification: C (clinical component)

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Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins. Ltd.,China Supply Custom Brown Rice Pea Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 Inch Chain Link Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Supply OEM Custom Untensil Aluminium Circle Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal TechnologyHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Automatic Facial Tissue Embossing Slitting Machine Factory OEM/ODM Productbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.China Supply Custom Fever Plaster Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Profile Products Cheap Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology, such as acute DVT,Supply OEM Custom Chromel Alumel Thermocouple Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineeringpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Max Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom Warehouse Racking System Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE,China Supply Custom Ptfe Teflon Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Maintenance Free Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.The methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Supply OEM Custom Black Metal Steel Strapping Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (China Supply Custom Pea Protein Wholesale Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Supply OEM Custom Solid Fold Up Plastic Crate Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Wholesale CE High Quality Custom Plastic Storage Crate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.China Supply Custom Mobile Shelving Units Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVEIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Eps Sandwich Panel Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. Alternatively,Supply OEM Custom AR Gun Adapter Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou.China Supply Custom Sodium Saccharin For Sale Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Agricultural Tractor Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe

China Supply Custom Farm Plastic Crates Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fiber Rich Cereals Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale CE High Quality Pressure Washer Hose Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou,Supply OEM Custom Slinky Winder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.Wholesale CE High Quality Sodium Saccharin Powder Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc, recurrence rates,China Supply Custom Construction Steel Strap Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Ltd.,China Supply Custom Pea Protein Reviews Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale CE High Quality Bulk Bicarbonate Of Soda Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocSupply OEM Custom Whey Protein Shake Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 9-Vitamin Tablets Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Salon Disinfections Machine Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY,Wholesale CE High Quality Glass Block Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited

Radiofrequency ablation

China Supply Custom Herbal Plaster Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Supply OEM Custom 3m Rubber Floor Mat Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. Ltd.,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Soft Iron Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited,Supply OEM Custom Animal Medicine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM There/Four/Five Axis Coating Line Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hydroxyde Aluminium +Hydroxyde Magnesium Tabs Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines.Supply OEM Custom Bulk Pea Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Supply OEM Custom Iphone Phone Cover Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologyWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Electric Hot Water Bottle Argos Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Supply OEM Custom 18w 36w Uv Led Nail Dryer Lamp Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Supply OEM Custom Costco Hand Warmers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Supply OEM Custom 60 Ml Black Face Mask Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Electronic Hand Warmers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance

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Wholesale CE High Quality Barbed Wire Length Per Roll Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin C Brands Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale CE High Quality Hinged Lid Plastic Crates Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Electric Steamer Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYWholesale CE High Quality Veterinary Digestive System Drug Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines.China Supply Custom Painting & Colouring Sets Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Unionrise I&E.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Car Care Cleaning Products Cheap Price - Mingou.Wholesale CE High Quality Lightweight Steel Strap Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Supply OEM Custom Electric Ir Heater Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Tennis Court Synthetic Turf Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Foil Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shuanglin Jiate Metal TechnologyIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic High Pressure Water Hose Products Cheap Price - Mingouand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fiber Rich Cereals Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gun-Fix Automatic Uv Paint Spraying Line Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Wholesale CE High Quality Residence Artificial Grass Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Folding Plastic Crate With Lid Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Artificial Indoor Cherry Blossom Tree Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.;Supply OEM Custom Crates And Skates Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. FS was associated with the highest failure rate. Ltd.,Supply OEM Custom Sandblasting Gun Products Cheap Price - MingouHowever, high-Supply OEM Custom Face Paint Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Unionrise I&E-term follow-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 24w/48w Sunone Uv Led Nail Lamp Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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