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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin Ad3e Injection Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale CE High Quality Fire Resistant Cable Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale CE High Quality Oil Antimalarials Easy To Use Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale CE High Quality Pine Shelving Timber Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE.Supply OEM Custom Painting Palette Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Unionrise I&E.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wooden Kitchen Shelves Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVERisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale CE High Quality Vital Protein Pea Protein Isolate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc–Wholesale CE High Quality Building Nails Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,China Supply Custom Soya Bean Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc(EVLA),China Supply Custom Galvanized Wire Mesh 2 Mesh 5x5 Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),China Supply Custom Folding Shopping Crate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Kid Drawing Board Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&E–Power Bank 10000mah

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Supply OEM Custom Bus Spray Paint Cabinet Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Supply OEM Custom Warehouse Racking Costs Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Supply OEM Custom Synovial Tenosynovitis Stickers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen).Ltd.China Supply Custom Floating Timber Shelving Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale CE High Quality Grocery Store Shelves For Sale Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE,China Sensor FaucetWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Teflon Twin Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Supply OEM Custom Zippo Hand Warmer Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance.

Table 1

CEAP classification: C (clinical component)

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Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom Rubber Hose Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Weight Of Iron Nails Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,China Supply Custom Brown Rice Pea Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Wholesale CE High Quality Kids Hot Water Bottle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical ApplianceHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,m.whoistide.combecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic High Pressure Water Hose Products Cheap Price - Mingou, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Wholesale CE High Quality Sand Blasting Gun Products Cheap Price - Mingou, such as acute DVT,Supply OEM Custom Where Can I Get Baking Soda Products Cheap Price - Huge Rocpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Supply OEM Custom Artificial Plants Trees Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.,Wholesale CE High Quality Power Cable Manufacturers Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale CE High Quality Lid Attached Plastic Crate Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Supply OEM Custom Best Handheld Steam Iron Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.China Supply Custom Aluminium Casting CNC Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint MachineryIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Supply OEM Custom Mutivitamin Syrup Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Lcd Nail Dryer Lamp Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Wholesale CE High Quality Carpet Synthetic Turf Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.China Supply Custom Welded Wire Mesh 9 Gauge Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries LimitedIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Biological Dressing Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen. Alternatively,Wholesale CE High Quality Aluminum Die Casting Mold Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Highpoint Machinery.China Supply Custom Foam Sprayer Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin C Brands Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines

Wholesale CE High Quality Inexpensive Bookshelves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Professional Nail Dryer Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY,China Supply Custom Antibiotics Oral Suspension Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Tote Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.Wholesale CE High Quality Protein Powder Online Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, recurrence rates,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Corrugated Roofing Nails Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Strand Rc Silicone Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin B12 Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale CE High Quality Automatic Motor Assembly Line Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 Inch Chain Link Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited;Supply OEM Custom Soft Annealed Iron Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.China Supply Custom Synthetic Turf Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.,Air Filled Packaging

Radiofrequency ablation

Wholesale CE High Quality Duckback Hot Water Bag Factory & Supplier Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Sun9s Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Sprouted Brown Rice Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Spraying Paint Reciprocating Equipment Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Easy Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen

Foam sclerotherapy

Supply OEM Custom Epoxy Coating Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Resistant Ptfe Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering. Ltd.Observational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Ltd.China Supply Custom Football Door Mats Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (China Supply Custom Antipyretic And Analgesic Injection Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Wholesale CE High Quality Herbal Extract Pain Relief Patch Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen

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Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Steel Strapping Tools Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,Supply OEM Custom Washing Machine Parts Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou

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China Supply Custom Hand Warmer Gloves Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Supply OEM Custom Nail Polish Factory Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Flexible Hose Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Adjustable Wire Shelving Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVEWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Chocolate Brown Rice Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Antibiotic Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines.China Supply Custom Very High Fiber Foods Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom High Temp Resistant Teflon Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale CE High Quality C6h12nnao3s - Sodium Cyclamate Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,China Supply Custom Chain Link Fence Cage Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Ltd.It aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportSupply OEM Custom High Fiber High Protein Foods Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Rocand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,China Supply Custom Gold Aluminum Foil Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 1/4 Steel Strapping Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Plunger/Frac Pump & SparesWholesale CE High Quality Kx Thermocouple Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.China Supply Custom Fitness Center Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.;China Supply Custom 6s Phone Case Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Supply OEM Custom Multi-Function Plastic Crate With Lid Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Wholesale CE High Quality Doxycycline Antimalarial Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing MedicinesHowever, high-Supply OEM Custom Organic Pea Protein Suppliers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc-term follow-Supply OEM Custom Hollow Glass Block Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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