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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
doi:Ltd.
PMCID:PMC4301287
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Abstract

Wholesale CE High Quality Aluminum Die Casting Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint Machinery. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on China Supply Custom Rheumatism Stickers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen.China Supply Custom hemostasis Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen.China Supply Custom Natural Dietary Fiber Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Phone Case Website Products Cheap Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Rotor Assembly Machine Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.Risk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Supply OEM Custom Rice Protein Shake Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc–Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM New Design Foldable Plastic Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.High ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale CE High Quality Bronze Welding Rod Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited(EVLA),China Supply Custom Antibiotic Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Wholesale CE High Quality Soy Protein Shakes Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Multifunction Electric Steamer Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY–Stainless Steel Channel Bar

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Supply OEM Custom Automatic Powder Spray Coating Line Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Soybean Dietary Fibre Factory Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Wholesale CE High Quality High Protein Brown Rice Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc). Ltd.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Whey Protein Powder Benefits Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Ivermectin Injection 1% Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale Window CurtainSupply OEM Custom Animal Veterinary Medicine Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Supply OEM Custom Cheap Whey Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Wholesale CE High Quality 0 Manufacturer - Isolated Soy Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Phone Case Company Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologySymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,China Supply Custom Nested Plastic Crates Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.China Supply Custom Three Phase Motor Winding Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.However, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Instax Mini 7s Camera Bagbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Sodium Bicarbonate For Industry Use Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Wholesale CE High Quality Industrial Aluminum Foil Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology, such as acute DVT,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Sunone Nail Light Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Where To Find Pea Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom What Is Pea Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom Welded Wire Mesh Sizes Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Materials Used In Making Nails Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve. Ltd.It is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hanging Conveyor System Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Shaft Inserting Machine Products Cheap Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd., and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Wholesale CE High Quality Electric Heat Bag Products Cheap Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Rehabilitation Products Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.Wholesale CE High Quality Inside Spraying Painting Machine Forglass Bottles Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering. Alternatively,Wholesale CE High Quality Muscle Protein Powder Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Custom Facial Mask Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen.Wholesale CE High Quality China Black Annealed Iron Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited

China Supply Custom Eagle Wire Shelving Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.China Supply Custom Synthetic Plant Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co.,Wholesale CE High Quality Orthodontic Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen,Computer Label Cutting Machine Suppliers/Manufacturers for SaleWholesale CE High Quality Rubber Floor Mats Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd., recurrence rates,China Supply Custom Wooden Wall Shelves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale CE High Quality Floor Mats Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co.,Supply OEM Custom Handwarmer Factory & Supplier Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Materials Used In Making Nails Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedWholesale CE High Quality sterile Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen;China Supply Custom Facial Mask Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.China Supply Custom Antibiotic Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines,Cup-holder Hall Chair

Radiofrequency ablation

Supply OEM Custom Liquid Emulsifier Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Supply OEM Custom Standard Custom Five Axis Reciprocating Machine With Four Plates Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Synthenic Lawn Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.,China Supply Custom Rivet Nut Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe,Ltd.

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale CE High Quality Smooth Slitted Aluminum Strip Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Supply OEM Custom Whey Protein Shake Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Wholesale CE High Quality Rotor Assembly Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.Observational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Durable Heavy Duty Screen PrinterChina Supply Custom Maintenance Free Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Antimalarial Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.China Supply Custom hydrophilic gel Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.China Supply Custom Medical Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen,www.packagingbagfactory.com

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Wholesale CE High Quality Farm Iron Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 99% Artemisinin Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Maintenance Free Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Order Phone Case Products Cheap Price - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologyChina Supply Custom Custom Wood Shelving Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE.Supply OEM Custom Calcium Propionate For Food Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Oem Hair Straightener Comb Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fiber Intake Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Calcium Propionate Vegan Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Supply OEM Custom Sandblasting Gun Products Cheap Price - Mingou.Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Kids Outdoor Playground Slide Factory & Supplier Price - Shanghai Mutong ToysIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportSupply OEM Custom Dinosaur Hot Water Bottle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical Applianceand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,China Supply Custom Military Barbed Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited. Ltd.

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,FeaturedChina Supply Custom Sodium Cyclohexylsulfamate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Rivet Nut Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale CE High Quality Ivermectin Injection 1% 10ml Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,China Supply Custom Pet Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocHowever, high-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nutritional Supplement Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines-term follow-China Supply Custom Motto Barbed Wire Price Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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