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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
PMCID:PMC4301287
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Ltd.

Abstract

China Supply Custom Ammonia Baking Soda Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Supply OEM Custom Dihydroartemisinin Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Embossed Aluminum Coil Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.Supply OEM Custom High Fiber Grains Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Radiant Heater Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Ltd.Risk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Customizable Supermarket Shelf Strip Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.–China Supply Custom Cheap Hot Water Bottle Factory & Supplier Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical ApplianceHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Salon Disinfections Machine Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY(EVLA),Supply OEM Custom Sun Nail Dryer Lamp Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),China Supply Custom Cheap Small Plastic Containers Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Whey Rice Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc–Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Saccharin Sweetener Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Supply OEM Custom Car Pressure Washer Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - MingouThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Warehouse Pallet Racking Systems Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Supply OEM Custom Unique Bookshelves Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Led Nail Uv Lamp Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYWholesale CE High Quality Artificial Roses Leaf Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..China Supply Custom Pet Artificial Turf Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co.,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wooden Handle Palette Knife Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&EWholesale CE High Quality Kids Hot Water Bottle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,China Supply Custom Imd Phone Case Suppliers Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.China Supply Custom Custom Wood Shelving Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE,Supply OEM Custom Nail Led Lamp Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Supply OEM Custom Artesunate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Wholesale CE High Quality Ratary Brush Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - MingouHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vital Wheat Gluten Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Rocbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Oil Colour Painting Set Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&E, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

China Supply Custom Ptfe Wire For Sensor Applications Ul 1180 Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering, such as acute DVT,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Pressure Washer Hose Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingoupregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,China Supply Custom Animal Protein Concentrate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gi Binding Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin D Capsules Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.China Supply Custom Plastick Storge Plastic Crate Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.The methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve. Ltd.It is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Supply OEM Custom 20awg Nickel Plated Copper Silicone Rubber Coated Wire Ul3141 Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale CE High Quality 18 Gauge Binding Wire Specifications Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-t02.jpg

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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Green Grass Carpet Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.China Supply Custom Fiberglass Aqua Slide For Pool Products Cheap Price - Shanghai Mutong ToysIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 1/4 Steel Strapping Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited. Alternatively,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Final Forming Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..China Supply Custom Children Plastic Slide For Outdoor Amusement Park Factory & Supplier Price - Shanghai Mutong Toys.Wholesale CE High Quality Non Toxic Bright Soft Pastel Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&E

China Supply Custom Lotion Emulsifying Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.China Supply Custom Muscle Whey Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ammonium Bicarbonate Where To Buy Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc,Api Hydraulic Fishing JarWholesale CE High Quality Medical Cold Compresses Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen, recurrence rates,Supply OEM Custom Painless Dressing Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen.China Supply Custom Calcium Propionate 99% Food Grade Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom Motorcycles Aluminum Casting Parts Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint Machinery

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Supply OEM Custom Mobile Shelves Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVEWholesale CE High Quality Foot Bath Mat Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co.;Wholesale CE High Quality Breast Sticker Cup Injection Molding Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Supply OEM Custom Delcom Electric Warm Bag Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance,Bolt Screw Manufacturers Cheap Price

Radiofrequency ablation

Wholesale CE High Quality Powder Coating Spray Booth Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Supply OEM Custom Bulk Pea Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Soy Protein Shakes Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom High Fiber Grains Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale CE High Quality Sand Blasting Gun Products Cheap Price - Mingou

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale CE High Quality Electric Steamer Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Motor Manufacturing Turn-Key Service Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM First Aid Wound Dressing Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,China Supply Custom Fiberglass Aqua Slide For Pool Factory & Supplier Price - Shanghai Mutong ToysWholesale CE High Quality Calcium Propionate Made In China Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Wholesale CE High Quality 22 Awg Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Supply OEM Custom Tape For Wound Dressing Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Protein Shake Diet Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Color Medical Plaster Bandage Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen

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Wholesale CE High Quality Calcium Propionate In Bread Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.China Supply Custom Battery Operated Nail Dryer Lamp Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY,Supply OEM Custom Popular Firm Folding Crate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Plastic Crates China Price Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.Supply OEM Custom Plastic Container Dolly Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Steel Wire Rope Manufacturer Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Non Gmo Pea Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Alginate Medical Wound Dressing Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Storage Crate With Cover Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ammonium Bicarbonate Food Grade 99.2%Min Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom 3x3 Galvanized Welded Wire Fence Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ammonium Bicarbonate Food Grade 99.2%Min Products Cheap Price - Huge Rocand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 25000 Rpm Nail Drill Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Crossover Rolling Type Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fenghe

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stackable Pp Crate Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin D Tablets Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines.China Supply Custom Plastic Crates China Price Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hand Warmers Football Factory & Supplier Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.China Supply Custom Alloy Steel Parts Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe,Supply OEM Custom Vitamin B Complex Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing MedicinesHowever, high-Wholesale CE High Quality Natural Fiber Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc-term follow-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Automatic Robtic Spraying System Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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