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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
PMCID:PMC4301287
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Abstract

Supply OEM Custom Handwarmer Factory & Supplier Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale CE High Quality Artificial Leaf Stem Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..China Supply Custom Butane Hand Warmer Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance.Supply OEM Custom Tape For Wound Dressing Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen.China Supply Custom Calcium Propionate 99% Food Grade Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale CE High Quality Cell Phone Case Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologyRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.China Supply Custom Medical Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen–Wholesale CE High Quality Order Phone Case Products Cheap Price - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologyHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Supply OEM Custom Telescopic Lance Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou(EVLA),China Supply Custom Vitamin Injection B12 Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Supply OEM Custom High Quality Powder Spray Machine Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Kids Outdoor Playground Slide Factory & Supplier Price - Shanghai Mutong Toys–www.mbkglassjar.com

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Supply OEM Custom Dinosaur Hot Water Bottle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical ApplianceThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Supply OEM Custom Eyedrops Of Gentamycin Sulfate Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins ( Ltd.).Wholesale CE High Quality Ivermectin Injection 1% 10ml Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing MedicinesWholesale CE High Quality Logistic Stack And Nest Plastic Crate Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Pet Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Dog Travel CarrierWholesale CE High Quality Synthetic Plant Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,China Supply Custom Welded Wire Mesh 9 Gauge Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Warehouse Pallet Racking Systems Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE,Wholesale CE High Quality Textile Cleaning Gun Products Cheap Price - MingouSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM China Supplier Plant Based Organic Rice Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.China Supply Custom Sodium Saccharin For Sale Products Cheap Price - Huge RocHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,China Supply Custom High Fiber Snacks Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Rocbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Artificial Leaf Wedding Decoration Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd., and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Supply OEM Custom Automatic Powder Spray Coating Line Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering, such as acute DVT,Wholesale CE High Quality Where To Buy Pea Rice Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Rocpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale CE High Quality Adhesive Hydrophilic Dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen,Supply OEM Custom Diamond Aluminium Floor Plate Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology,Supply OEM Custom Healthcare Plaster Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fancy Phone Case Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologyThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Ltd.It is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Wholesale CE High Quality 2x2 Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nail Polish Manufacturers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-t02.jpg

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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nestable Plastic Container Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Supply OEM Custom Mini Spray Booth Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Black Annealed Iron Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited. Alternatively,Wholesale CE High Quality Fiber Diets For Adults Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ammonium Bicarbonate Where To Buy Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stationary Type Five Axis Reciprocating Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering

Wholesale CE High Quality Incipio Phone Case Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Supply OEM Custom High-Quality Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc, Ltd.,Ce Quality Sand Blasting RoomChina Supply Custom Alginate Fiber Wound Dressings Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen, recurrence rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Corrugated Paper Display Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Pt100 Compensate Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering,Supply OEM Custom Eyedrops Of Gentamycin Sulfate Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale CE High Quality Steel Racks For Warehouse Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVEChina Supply Custom Slitted Aluminum Strip Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology;Supply OEM Custom China Wholesale Sodium Cyclamate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Ltd.,Garage Door Spring Anchor Brackets

Radiofrequency ablation

Supply OEM Custom Waterproof And Breathable Membrane Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Best Rice For Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Armature Testing Panel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.,Supply OEM Custom Welded Wire Mesh Sizes Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Blower Parts Factory & Supplier Price - Highpoint Machinery

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Buy Soy Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Weight Barbed Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Pocket Warmers Products Cheap Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical ApplianceObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,China Supply Custom Sun9s Uv Led Nail Lamp Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYWholesale CE High Quality Pvc Coated Wire Mesh Fence Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Supply OEM Custom Calcium Propionate Price Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Wholesale CE High Quality Powder Coating Spray Booth Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1x1 Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM High Quality Artificial Turf Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co.

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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Cabinet Paint Drying Oven Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.China Supply Custom Mobile Phone Case Exporters Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology,Wholesale CE High Quality Multi Color Nail Drill Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY. Ltd.China Supply Custom New Energy Stator Winding Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Hot Sale Isolated Soy Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Truck Mounted Crane Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fenghe.China Supply Custom Effervescent Tablets Vd Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin K1 Injectable Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Lean And Healthy Pea Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Cleanroom Eps Sandwich Panel For Roof From Mill Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale CE High Quality 3/8 Inch Mesh Hardware Cloth Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limitedand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Supply OEM Custom Craft Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&E.Wholesale CE High Quality Animal Drug Ivermectin Injection Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Calcium Glycinate Supplier Exporter Hot Sale ProductChina Supply Custom Intermediate Forming Machine Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Folding Go Cart Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Customized Assembly Line Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale CE High Quality Price Of Isolated Soy Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc, Ltd.However, high-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 Inch Chain Link Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited-term follow-China Supply Custom Fever Plaster Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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