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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
PMCID:PMC4301287
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Abstract

Supply OEM Custom Sodium Saccharin Food Grade Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on China Supply Custom Foldaway Crate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin Drugs Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale CE High Quality Pressure Washer Hose Adapter Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou.Supply OEM Custom Vitamin B Complex Capsules Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale CE High Quality Speed Depilatory Roll On Wax Heater Roller Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Supply OEM Custom Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Buy Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited–Supply OEM Custom China Wholesale Sodium Cyclamate Products Cheap Price - Huge RocHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Supply OEM Custom Slip Door Mat Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.(EVLA),Wholesale CE High Quality Emulsifier Lecithin Soy Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Supply OEM Custom Multi-Function Plastic Crate With Lid Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Now Sprouted Brown Rice Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc–Calprotectin Levels Manufacturers Cheap Price

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Wholesale CE High Quality Nail Head Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries LimitedThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale CE High Quality Vital Protein Pea Protein Isolate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (China Supply Custom Wooden Wall Shelves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Burn Dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Car Wash Foam Machine Products Cheap Price - Mingou.Ltd.,m.tianantextiles.comChina Supply Custom Adjustable Wire Shelving Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Pharmaceutical Modular Cleanroom Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.China Supply Custom 6s Phone Case Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology,China Supply Custom Calcium Chloride Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing MedicinesSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Antimalarial Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.China Supply Custom Soya Bean Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Festival Indoor Metal Lanternbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Embossed Aluminum Sheet Products Cheap Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Supply OEM Custom Diclazuril Veterinary Drugs Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines, such as acute DVT,Wholesale CE High Quality Eye Mask Sleep Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichenpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,China Supply Custom Sandwich Panel For Dustless Workshop Ceiling Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale CE High Quality Ring Shank Nail Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited,China Supply Custom Strand Rc Silicone Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.China Supply Custom Binding Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries LimitedThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Lamination Aluminum Foil Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal TechnologyIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Motor Manufacturing Turn-Key Service Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,China Supply Custom Farm Soil Tilling Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Supply OEM Custom Mesh 20x20 Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.China Supply Custom Hangzhou Jinding Aluminium Industry Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal TechnologyIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Where Can I Get Sodium Bicarbonate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. Alternatively,China Supply Custom Modular Metal Shelving Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE.China Supply Custom Electric Ir Heater Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale CE High Quality Logistic Stack And Nest Plastic Crate Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.

China Supply Custom Mobile Library Shelving Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Supply OEM Custom Car Spray Booth Paint Cabinet Baking Oven Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Supply OEM Custom Acne Mask Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen,China Supply Custom Brown Rice And Pea Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge RocSupply OEM Custom 6x6 Reinforcing Welded Wire Mesh Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited, recurrence rates,China Supply Custom Farm Fence Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Ltd., Ltd.

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Brown Rice Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge RocWholesale CE High Quality Adhesive Hydrophilic Dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen;Wholesale CE High Quality Die Casting Auto Parts Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint Machinery. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Supply OEM Custom Solid Fold Up Plastic Crate Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,China Skeleton Cargo Trailer

Radiofrequency ablation

Supply OEM Custom Grocery Shelves Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Artificial Palm Trees Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom AR Gun Adapter Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou,China Supply Custom Hand Warmer Gloves Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance,China Supply Custom Concrete Steel Nail Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited

Foam sclerotherapy

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An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale CE High Quality Gangkai Non Woven Surgical Face Masks Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen,China Supply Custom Soya Lecithin Food Grade Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc

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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM First Aid Wound Dressing Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Wholesale CE High Quality Phone Case For Iphone 6 Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs Technology,Supply OEM Custom Organic Pea Protein Powder Bulk Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Gangkai Non Woven Surgical Face Masks Factory & Supplier Price - XingzhichenWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Where Can I Get Baking Soda Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale CE High Quality Fiberglass Aqua Slide For Pool Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shanghai Mutong Toys.Supply OEM Custom Single-Row Crossover Rolling Type Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe.Wholesale CE High Quality Welded Wire Mesh Roll Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Calcium Propionate Price For Food Beverage Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Wholesale CE High Quality Logistic Plastic Crate With Lid Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. Ltd.It aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Professional Hair Straightener Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,China Supply Custom Organic Whey Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Colored Folding Plastic Containers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,China Supply Custom Cool Room Shelves Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVEWholesale CE High Quality Watercolor Painting Set Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&E.Wholesale CE High Quality Brown Rice Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc;Supply OEM Custom What Is Whey Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale CE High Quality Natural Fiber Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale CE High Quality Racking System For Warehouse Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVEHowever, high-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic Palette Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&E-term follow-Supply OEM Custom Blackhead Removal Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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