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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

China Supply Custom Plastic Crate Storage Crates Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on China Supply Custom Calcium Chloride Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines.Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Die Casting Machinery Parts Factory & Supplier Price - Highpoint Machinery.Wholesale CE High Quality Welded Gabion Mesh Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Ammonium Bicarbonate Used For Biscuits Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.China Supply Custom Mezzanine Staircase Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVERisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Ltd.–Wholesale CE High Quality Welding Rod 3.15 Mm Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM New Design Hair Curler Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY(EVLA),Supply OEM Custom Organic Brown Rice Protein Powder Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),China Supply Custom Rice Protein Isolated Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Galvanized Steel Mesh Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited–Supply OEM Custom Truck Mounted Crane Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Newest Phone Case Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologyThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Best Hand Warmer Factory & Supplier Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins ( Ltd.).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM K Type Thermocouple Compensation Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Sodium Saccharin Suppliers Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Healthcare Plaster Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen,Synchronous MotorWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Antidiarrheal Agent & Supplementary Electrolyte Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM First Aid Wound Dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen.

Table 1

CEAP classification: C (clinical component)

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Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.China Supply Custom T Post Galvanized Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,China Supply Custom Heavy Duty Cantilever Racking Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVESymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Organic Pea Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.China Supply Custom Antibiotics Lincomycin Hcl Capsule Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing MedicinesHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,4x8 Decorative Stainless Steel Sheetbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nail Polish Suppliers China Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Wholesale CE High Quality High Fiber Diet Foods Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, such as acute DVT,Supply OEM Custom Warehouse Racking System Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVEpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Supply OEM Custom Black Steel Strapping Strip Manufacturer Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale CE High Quality School Playground Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.,Supply OEM Custom Telescopic Aerial Working Vehicle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fenghe—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.China Supply Custom Pure Gold Collagen Facial Mask Products Cheap Price - XingzhichenThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Wholesale CE High Quality Remove Scar Dressing Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (China Supply Custom White Wooden Shelf Brackets Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale CE High Quality Glue &Glitter Glue Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Unionrise I&E, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Supply OEM Custom Hand Car Wash Equipment Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Wholesale CE High Quality Pea Protein Reviews Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Quick Response Thermocouple Wire Type K Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering. Alternatively,Wholesale CE High Quality Plain Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Saccharin Sodium 20-40 Mesh Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale CE High Quality Smooth Slitted Aluminum Strip Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology

Wholesale CE High Quality Mjjc Foam Lance Products Cheap Price - Mingou, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Ltd.,Wholesale CE High Quality Brown Rice Protein Supplement Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom Wire Binding Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedWholesale CE High Quality 9s Sun Uv Led Nail Lamp Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY, recurrence rates,Wholesale CE High Quality Used Chain Link Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Hot Dipped Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Protein Shake Nutrition Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Supply OEM Custom Chromel Alumel Thermocouple Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stranded Conductor Silicone Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering;China Supply Custom Isp Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Crates With Cover Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.

Radiofrequency ablation

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gold Detox Foot Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,China Supply Custom Calcium Alginate Dressing Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Caesarean Section Dressing Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Face Paint Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&E,Supply OEM Custom Tpu Phone Case Iphone 5s Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Factory Outlet Sunone Uv Led Nail Lamp Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale CE High Quality Building Nails Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Modular Wooden Shelving Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVEObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Galvanized Steel Round PipesWholesale CE High Quality Aluminum Die Casting Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint Machinery. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Supply OEM Custom Single Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.China Supply Custom Bacteriostatic Dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen

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Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Jet Power Pressure Washer Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou,Supply OEM Custom Heavy Duty Cantilever Racking Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE

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China Supply Custom hemostasis Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.China Supply Custom Natural Dietary Fiber Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Phone Case Website Products Cheap Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin B12 Lozenge Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing MedicinesWholesale CE High Quality Bronze Welding Rod Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Antibiotic Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale CE High Quality Soy Protein Shakes Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Soybean Dietary Fibre Factory Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Whey Protein Powder Benefits Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Supply OEM Custom Animal Veterinary Medicine Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines.China Supply Custom Gmo Free Soya Lecithin Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale CE High Quality Rope Course Advanture Factory & Supplier Price - Shanghai Mutong Toysand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Supply OEM Custom Cheap Whey Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Professional Factory Mode Plastic Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Carving Cornice Wholesaler Quotes & PriceListChina Supply Custom Nested Plastic Crates Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Sodium Bicarbonate For Industry Use Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc;Wholesale CE High Quality Industrial Aluminum Foil Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale CE High Quality School Playground Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.,Supply OEM Custom Outdoor Gym Equipemnt Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shanghai Mutong ToysHowever, high-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Where To Find Pea Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc-term follow-China Supply Custom What Is Pea Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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