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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

China Supply Custom Plastic Crates Hinged Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale CE High Quality Rope Course Advanture Factory & Supplier Price - Shanghai Mutong Toys.Wholesale CE High Quality Hard Drawn Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Blue And Waxed Steel Strapping Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Unflavored Whey Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.China Supply Custom Whey Protein Powder For Diabetics Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Ltd.–Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Supply OEM Custom Spray Painting Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering(EVLA),Supply OEM Custom Delcom Electric Warm Bag Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gun-Fix Automatic Uv Paint Spraying Line Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.China Supply Custom Food Addtivies Calcium Propionate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc–Hollywood Mirror Cabinet

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).China Supply Custom Effervescent Tablets Vd Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing MedicinesThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.China Supply Custom Hangzhou Jinding Aluminium Industry Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (China Supply Custom Gun-Fix Painting Line Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Cabinet Paint Drying Oven Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale CE High Quality High Protein Brown Rice Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Hollow Glass Block Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Aluminum Die Casting Mold Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Highpoint MachineryWholesale CE High Quality Hot Sale Plastic Pallet Unfoldable Box Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,China Supply Custom Plastic Grass Carpet Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..

Table 1

CEAP classification: C (clinical component)

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Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom Organic Brown Rice Protein Powder Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Tpu Iphone 7 Case Products Cheap Price - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologySymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Color Goods Stands Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Wholesale CE High Quality Thermocouple Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Supplementary Electrolyte Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicinesbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.China Supply Custom Muscle Whey Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

China Supply Custom 50ml 100ml Vitamin B Complex Injection Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines, such as acute DVT,China Supply Custom Antibiotic Ivermectin Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicinespregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Storage Crate With Cover Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wholesale CE High Quality Hot Dip Galvanized Mesh Fence Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic Floor Camping Mats Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale CE High Quality Magic Hair Curlers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Pm 2.5 Face Mask Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (China Supply Custom Single Depilatory Wax Warmer Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale CE High Quality sheet face mask oem Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Supply OEM Custom Brown Rice Whey Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.China Supply Custom Super Whey Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Spray Paint Ventilation System Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering. Alternatively,China Supply Custom Armature Winder Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Overhead Rack Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE.China Supply Custom Where To Buy Phone Case Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs Technology

Supply OEM Custom Injection Machine Plastic Crates Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Wholesale CE High Quality Low Price Natural Soya Bean Lecithin Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom Car Spray Booth Oven Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,7440-T20-w21wWholesale CE High Quality Pea Protein Food Grade Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, recurrence rates,Supply OEM Custom Kid Drawing Board Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&E.Wholesale CE High Quality 8 Cp95 /Nf13 - Sodium Cyclamate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Wholesale CE High Quality Best Pea Protein Powder For Weight Loss Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Supply OEM Custom Mini Electronic Nail Dryer Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYSupply OEM Custom Bicarbonate Sodium/Sodium Bicarbonate Food Grade Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc;Wholesale CE High Quality Artificial Boxwood Topiary Trees Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.China Supply Custom Electrical Wire Flat Cable Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Multifunctional Hair Removal Wax Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY

Radiofrequency ablation

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Road Machinery Products Cheap Price - Fenghe; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Supply OEM Custom Synthetic Turf Artifical Grass Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom 8 - Pea Protein Isolate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Supply OEM Custom Albendazole For Oral Suspension Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,China Supply Custom High Soluble Fiber Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Heavy Duty Warehouse Racks Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Decorative Artificial Grass Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Speed Depilatory Roll On Wax Heater Roller Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,m.shunstone.comSupply OEM Custom Mini Spray Booth Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Supply OEM Custom Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Buy Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Supply OEM Custom China Wholesale Sodium Cyclamate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc

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Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale CE High Quality Nail Head Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,China Supply Custom On Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc

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Supply OEM Custom Plastic Tote Dolly Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Wholesale CE High Quality Caesarean Section Dressing Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stacking Plastic Crates Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Wooden Wall Shelves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVEWholesale CE High Quality 8 Cp95 /Nf13 - Sodium Cyclamate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Mineral Wool Panel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering.China Supply Custom Mirror Polished Aluminum Coil Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Soft Iron Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Solid Plastic Crates Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,China Supply Custom Automatic Painting Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Burn Dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportLtd.and has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Supply OEM Custom Good Quality Powder Coating Line Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.China Supply Custom Farm Plastic Crates Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Cri90 Led Track LightWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Tasteless Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Buy Ammonium Carbonate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc;China Supply Custom Perfect Whey Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.China Supply Custom 6s Phone Case Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology,China Supply Custom Calcium Chloride Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing MedicinesHowever, high-Supply OEM Custom 20awg Nickel Plated Copper Silicone Rubber Coated Wire Ul3141 Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering-term follow-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM New Design Foldable Plastic Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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