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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

Supply OEM Custom Metro Wire Shelving Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVE. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on China Supply Custom Hangzhou Jinding Aluminium Industry Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plaster For Arthritis Pain Relief Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wood Shelves For Sale Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale CE High Quality Automotive Spray Booth Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Adhesive Plaster Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Automatic Car Cleaning Machines Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou–Ltd.High ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Whey Protein Products Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc(EVLA),China Supply Custom Cheap Whey Protein Isolate Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Sodium Saccharin Uses Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Ammonium Bicarbonat Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc–Supply OEM Custom High Pressure Hose Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Supply OEM Custom Antibiotic Products Cheap Price - KeMing MedicinesThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale CE High Quality Foot Bath Mat Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Wholesale CE High Quality Surgical Dressing Membrane Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen).China Supply Custom Vitamin C Deciency Syrup Products Cheap Price - KeMing MedicinesWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Warehouse Pallet Racking Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale CE High Quality Fire Resistant Cable Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering,m.solwaysolarlight.comSupply OEM Custom Rubber Hose Factory & Supplier Price - Mingou; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hanging Conveyor System Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering.

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins. Ltd.,Supply OEM Custom Metal Parts Products Cheap Price - FengheSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale CE High Quality Nails Machine Making Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.China Supply Custom Tinned Copper Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Supply OEM Custom Baling Steel Strapping With High Quality Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limitedbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hand Warmers Gloves Products Cheap Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Supply OEM Custom Teflon Twin Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering, such as acute DVT,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Buy Calcium Propionate Products Cheap Price - Huge Rocpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,China Supply Custom Concrete Steel Nail Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Atv Hand Warmers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Now Organic Pea Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.China Supply Custom Sandwich Panel For Dustless Workshop Ceiling Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Supply OEM Custom Cheap Small Plastic Containers Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.It is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (China Supply Custom Calcium Alginate Dressing Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale CE High Quality Thermocouple Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Salbutamol Syrup Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Kinesiology Paster Medical Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.China Supply Custom Good Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc. Alternatively,Supply OEM Custom Conference Room Carpet Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Food Grade Use Of Ammonium Bicarbonate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Ltd.

China Supply Custom Robotic Spray Painting Line Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Wholesale CE High Quality Shelves For Shops Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Embossed Aluminum Coil Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology,Ip65 Metal KeyboardWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Grass Carpet For Garden Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd., recurrence rates,Supply OEM Custom Shaft Pressing Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Folding Jib Aerial Working Vehicle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe,Wholesale CE High Quality Cell Phone Case Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Supply OEM Custom Kid Drawing Board Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&EWholesale CE High Quality Blue And Waxed Steel Strapping Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited;China Supply Custom Artificial Light Maple Tree Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Supply OEM Custom Barbed Wire Unroller Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited,Adhesive Fiberglass Mesh Tape

Radiofrequency ablation

Wholesale CE High Quality Artificial Leaf Craft Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,China Supply Custom Snowing Artificial Christmas Trees Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.China Supply Custom Bakers Ammonia Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom Quick Response Thermocouple Wire Type K Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering,China Supply Custom Artificial Indoor Cherry Blossom Tree Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co.

Foam sclerotherapy

Supply OEM Custom Unique Bookshelves Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plaster For Rheumatism Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen.Wholesale CE High Quality Nails Machine Making Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Supply OEM Custom Hot Melt Injection Molding Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale CE High Quality Pvc Insulated And Sheathed Wires Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Road Machinery Products Cheap Price - Fenghe). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Animal Hot Water Bottle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale CE High Quality Brown Rice Protein Benefits Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc,400mm Uhp Graphite Electrode High Quality Products

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Supply OEM Custom Sheep Wire Mesh Fence Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM White Nuisance Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen,Supply OEM Custom Construction Wire Mesh Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Coating Masking Jig Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Calcium Propionate Manufacturing Process Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom ECO-Friendly Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..China Supply Custom Rivet Nut Factory & Supplier Price - Fenghe.Wholesale CE High Quality Artificial Sports Turf Factory & Supplier Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Artificial Palm Tree Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Supply OEM Custom Artificial Real Touch Leaves Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Green Peas Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge RocIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportChina Supply Custom Pvc Hose Factory & Supplier Price - Mingouand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,Supply OEM Custom Where Can I Get Baking Soda Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Mfa Insulation Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Multi Power BoxChina Supply Custom Spray Coating Equipment Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.Supply OEM Custom Anticoughtin Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Make Up Female Mannequin Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale CE High Quality Farm Iron Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,Wholesale CE High Quality Five Bar Patern Checkered Aluminum Sheet Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shuanglin Jiate Metal TechnologyHowever, high-Wholesale CE High Quality Cheap Barbed Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited-term follow-Wholesale CE High Quality Textile Cleaning Gun Products Cheap Price - Mingou.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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