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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

Wholesale CE High Quality Orthodontic Face Mask Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Artemether+Lumefantrine Tabs Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Very High Fiber Foods Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Soybeans Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Plaster For Rheumatism Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen.

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.Wholesale CE High Quality Rotor Assembly Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.Risk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Antimalarial Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines–China Supply Custom hydrophilic gel Factory & Supplier Price - XingzhichenHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,China Supply Custom Medical Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen(EVLA),Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Color Painted Waxed Baling Steel Strapping Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),China Supply Custom Cleaning High Pressure Water Gun Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou.Wholesale CE High Quality Cell Phone Case Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology–Wholesale CE High Quality Vitamin B Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).China Supply Custom Medical Patch Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Supply OEM Custom Vital Pea Protein Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Wholesale CE High Quality Order Phone Case Products Cheap Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology).Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Kids Outdoor Playground Slide Factory & Supplier Price - Shanghai Mutong ToysChina Supply Custom Self Service Car Wash Equipment Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou.Supply OEM Custom Dinosaur Hot Water Bottle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance,Ltd.China Supply Custom Private Label Dietary Fibers Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,China Supply Custom Pet Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.

Table 1

CEAP classification: C (clinical component)

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Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Wholesale CE High Quality Ivermectin Injection 1% 10ml Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines,China Supply Custom Pet Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Furry Hot Water Bottle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.China Supply Custom 86barbed Wire Weight Per Meter Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries LimitedHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Aluminium Pipe Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technologybecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Supply OEM Custom Stone Cage Wire Mesh Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Wholesale CE High Quality Slimming Dietary Fiber Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc, such as acute DVT,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Warehouse Pallet Racking Systems Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVEpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Supply OEM Custom Nested Plastic Crates Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.,China Supply Custom Coating Masking Jig Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale CE High Quality Ivermectin Injection 1% Veterinary Medicine Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale CE High Quality Textile Cleaning Gun Products Cheap Price - MingouThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.China Supply Custom Sodium Saccharin For Sale Products Cheap Price - Huge RocIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Wholesale CE High Quality Where To Buy Pea Rice Protein Powder Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Burn Dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Supply OEM Custom Plastic Cap Roofing Nails Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fancy Phone Case Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs TechnologyIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.Wholesale CE High Quality Hair Curler Suppliers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY. Alternatively,Wholesale CE High Quality Portable Nail Drill Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.Supply OEM Custom Dinosaur Hot Water Bottle Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance.Ltd.

China Supply Custom Die Casting Process Factory & Supplier Price - Highpoint Machinery, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Wholesale CE High Quality 2x2 Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited,Supply OEM Custom Mini Spray Booth Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,China Acne Scar RemovalChina Supply Custom Robot Spray Painting Machine Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering, recurrence rates,China Supply Custom What Is Whey Protein Isolate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Stationary Type Five Axis Reciprocating Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering,Supply OEM Custom High-Quality Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,China Supply Custom Food Addtivies Calcium Propionate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc Ltd.;Supply OEM Custom Pea Protein For Aquatics Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.China Supply Custom Pt100 Compensate Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale CE High Quality Nickel Plated Copper Ptfe Wire Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering

Radiofrequency ablation

China Supply Custom Stator Testing Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,China Supply Custom Ammonia Baking Soda Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.Supply OEM Custom Eyedrops Of Gentamycin Sulfate Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines,China Supply Custom Slitted Aluminum Strip Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology,Ltd.

Foam sclerotherapy

Supply OEM Custom Dihydroartemisinin Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Embossed Aluminum Coil Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.Wholesale CE High Quality Armature Testing Panel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.Observational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,China Supply Custom Modular Shelves Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVESupply OEM Custom High Fiber Grains Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Supply OEM Custom Welded Wire Mesh Sizes Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Blower Parts Factory & Supplier Price - Highpoint Machinery

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Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Supply OEM Custom Calcium Propionate Price Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale CE High Quality Raw Brown Rice Protein Powder Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc

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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Salon Disinfections Machine Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.Supply OEM Custom Sun Nail Dryer Lamp Factory & Supplier Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY,China Supply Custom Cheap Small Plastic Containers Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Powder Coating Spray Booth Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Warehouse Pallet Racking Systems Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE.Wholesale CE High Quality Artificial Roses Leaf Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale CE High Quality Kids Hot Water Bottle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance.China Supply Custom Imd Phone Case Suppliers Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.Supply OEM Custom Artesunate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Wholesale CE High Quality Oil Colour Painting Set Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&E.Ltd.It aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1x1 Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limitedand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,China Supply Custom Ptfe Wire For Sensor Applications Ul 1180 Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. Ltd.

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Korea Sport WatchChina Supply Custom Animal Protein Concentrate Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gi Binding Wire Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin D Capsules Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Cleanroom Eps Sandwich Panel For Roof From Mill Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale CE High Quality 3/8 Inch Mesh Hardware Cloth Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedHowever, high-Wholesale CE High Quality 18 Gauge Binding Wire Specifications Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited-term follow-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Organic Pea Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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