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Int Surg. 2015 Jan; 100(1): 185–189.
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Abstract

China Supply Custom Electrostatic Powder Coating Spray Gun Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on Supply OEM Custom Plastic Compartment Storage Box Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..China Supply Custom Antibiotic Powder Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines.Supply OEM Custom Calcium Propionate Price Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale CE High Quality Rotor Assembly Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..

Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.China Supply Custom Automatic Painting Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Organic Pea Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc–Wholesale CE High Quality Oil Colour Painting Set Factory & Supplier Price - Unionrise I&EHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale CE High Quality Cell Phone Case Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology(EVLA),China Supply Custom Reinforced Mesh Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),Wholesale CE High Quality 22 Awg Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.China Supply Custom Max Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc–Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Benzoyl Metronidazole Oral Suspension Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines

Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins

Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Supply OEM Custom Good Quality Powder Coating Line Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringThe diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale CE High Quality 10% Butafosfan Vitamin B12 Injection Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - KeMing Medicines. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (China Supply Custom Metal Food Display Rack Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.).Wholesale CE High Quality Decorative Chain Link Fence Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries LimitedSupply OEM Custom Nutribiotic Rice Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Plain Aluminum Coil Products Cheap Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology,hbzhongrunfeltWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hot Sale Soy Lecithin Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Crate With Foldable Lids Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd..

Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins

The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic Floor Camping Mats Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co.,China Supply Custom Back Pain Plaster Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - XingzhichenSymptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Kid Drawing Board Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Unionrise I&E, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.

Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Ltd.However, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Prepared Slidesbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin Tablet Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.

Supply OEM Custom Packaging Aluminium Foil Factory & Supplier Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology, such as acute DVT,Wholesale CE High Quality Wound Dressing Film Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichenpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,China Supply Custom Pea Protein Vegan Shake Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,Wholesale CE High Quality Gangkai Non Woven Surgical Face Masks Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Xingzhichen,Supply OEM Custom Antimalarials Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.

Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins

Conventional surgical stripping

All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.Wholesale CE High Quality Solid Plastic Crates Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.The methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM First Aid Wound Dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (China Supply Custom Gold Aluminum Foil Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ammonium Bicarbonate Baking Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.

Table 2

Complications after different modalities for varicose veins

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Supply OEM Custom Hair Straightening Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.Supply OEM Custom 3m Rubber Floor Mat Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co.In this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic Net Baskets Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. Alternatively,China Supply Custom Vitamin C Deciency Syrup Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines.Supply OEM Custom Galvanized Steel Wire Mesh 3mm Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Timber Shelves Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - INNOVATIVE

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Field Fence Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.Supply OEM Custom Food Grade Use Of Ammonium Bicarbonate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom 50ml 100ml Vitamin B Complex Injection Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hot Melt Adhensive Injection Molding Machine Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringSupply OEM Custom Vitamin B Complex Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines, recurrence rates,Supply OEM Custom Hotsell Soccer Artificial Turf Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Craft Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&E,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Truck Mounted Crane Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fenghe

Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vitamin C Tablet Rose Hip Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines Ltd.;China Supply Custom Electrical Wire Flat Cable Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Supply OEM Custom Concrete Nails With Washer Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited,Led Corn Light Bulb

Radiofrequency ablation

China Supply Custom Professional Nail Dryer Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Supply OEM Custom Foam Gun Car Wash Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou.

Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.China Supply Custom Veterinary Injection Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines,Supply OEM Custom Spiral Bevel Gear Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nestable Plastic Container Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.

Foam sclerotherapy

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Duckback Hot Water Bag Factory & Supplier Price - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Artificial Ficus Plant Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Factory Outlet Sunone Uv Led Nail Lamp Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,Atlas Copco Wire Harness Manufacturers Cheap PriceChina Supply Custom Sstorage Turnover Large Plastic Crate Factory & Supplier Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (Wholesale CE High Quality Medical Cold Compresses Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Wholesale CE High Quality Electric Hot Pack Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is i0020-8868-100-1-185-f01.jpg

Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.

Ambulatory phlebectomy

Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Automatic Car Cleaning Machines Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou,Body Composition Analyzer Machine Price

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Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Large Plastic Crate Box Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.China Supply Custom Pure Gold Collagen Facial Mask Products Cheap Price - Xingzhichen,Wholesale CE High Quality Cell Phone Case Factory & Supplier Price - Shenzhen Hxs Technology.Ltd.China Supply Custom hydrophilic gel Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichen.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Protein Shake Nutrition Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Blower Wheel Aluminum Casting Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Highpoint Machinery.China Supply Custom Motorcycles Aluminum Casting Parts Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint Machinery.Wholesale CE High Quality Outdoor Artificial Turf Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd.. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,China Supply Custom Now Sprouted Brown Rice Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Ammonium Bicarbonat Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportSupply OEM Custom Antibiotic Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicinesand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,China Supply Custom Waxed Steel Strapping Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries Limited.Wholesale CE High Quality Surgical Dressing Membrane Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen

Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Wholesale CE High Quality Unsweetened Pea Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge RocSupply OEM Custom Sodium Saccharin For Sale Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Plastic Crates With Hinged Lids Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.;Wholesale CE High Quality Phone Case Iphone 8 Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shenzhen Hxs Technology. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.China Supply Custom Vitamin C Deciency Syrup Products Cheap Price - KeMing Medicines,Wholesale CE High Quality Fire Resistant Cable Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FOD Electrical EngineeringHowever, high-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ul10064 Ptfe Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering-term follow-Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Foil Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.

Acknowledgments

The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.

References

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