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Fan Lin
1Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China
Shiyi Zhang
2Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong, China
Yan Sun
2Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong, China
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1Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China
Peng Liu
1Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China
Abstract
Wholesale CE High Quality dressing adhesive polyurethane Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on China Supply Custom Antipyretic And Analgesic Injection Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Pet Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Mini Football Field Artificial Grass Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom wound dressing making pad Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen.
Varicose veins are dilated branches of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein; the incidence of varicose veins varies from 10% to 30%.China Supply Custom 818 36w 4x9w Bulbs Nail Dryer Uv Lamp Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYRisk factors of varicose veins include family history, age, and pregnancy; a possible risk factor is standing for a long period of time.Wholesale CE High Quality Phone Case For Iphone 6 Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shenzhen Hxs Technology–Wholesale CE High Quality C6h12nnao3s - Sodium Cyclamate Factory & Supplier Price - Huge RocHigh ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades,Wholesale CE High Quality Brown Rice Protein Benefits Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc(EVLA),Supply OEM Custom Gold Plated Tungsten Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering(RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS),China Supply Custom Thermocouple Bare Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Backhoe Loader Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe–Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Dough&Clay Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Unionrise I&E
Manifestation and Severity of Varicose Veins
Patients with varicose veins present from asymptomatic to significant symptoms, including discomfort, aching, pain, itching or eczema, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Ltd.The diagnosis of varicose veins is based on clinical manifestation and ultrasound.Wholesale CE High Quality Welding Rod 3.15 Mm Factory & Supplier Price - Bluekin Industries Limited. The CEAP (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology) classification is used to describe the degree of varicose veins. The “C” part of CEAP classification is more useful and practical in rating the severity of varicose veins (Supply OEM Custom Infusion Stickers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Powder Spraying Production Line Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringSupply OEM Custom Aluminum Blower Cover Factory & Supplier Price - Highpoint Machinery.Wholesale CE High Quality Bone Damage Stickers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen,www.hongraygloves.comWholesale CE High Quality Surgical Dressing Membrane Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen; it can provide a road map of vein anatomy similar to contrast venography, as well as essential hemodynamic information about the presence of proximal obstruction, vein valve function,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Hydraulic Hose High Pressure Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Mingou.
Table 1
CEAP classification: C (clinical component)
Indication and Contraindication of Treatment for Varicose Veins
The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 20/22/24/26gauge Wire Tinned Copper Conductor Led Lamp Wire Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Ltd.Symptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management,China Supply Custom Artificial Oak Trees Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd., superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding.
Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention.Wholesale CE High Quality Trenchless Machinery Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - FengheHowever, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis,Bubble Cap Plates Distillerbecause the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Mi Thermocouple Cable Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - FOD Electrical Engineering, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.
Supply OEM Custom Powder Coating Line For Cabinet Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering, such as acute DVT,Supply OEM Custom Capsicum Plaster Factory & Supplier Price - Xingzhichenpregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; however,Wholesale CE High Quality Plastic Wheeled Crate Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.,Supply OEM Custom Nichrome Thermocouple Wire Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fence Barb Wire Arm Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited—further imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.
Modalities for Management of Varicose Veins
Conventional surgical stripping
All management modalities for varicose veins are safe and effective at short-term and midterm follow-up.China Supply Custom Battery Operated Nail Dryer Lamp Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYThe methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided, rather than stripped, close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.Wholesale CE High Quality Price Sodium Bicarbonate Products Cheap Price - Huge RocIt is not rare for recurrence, hematoma, and skin infection to occur after surgical procedure (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nail Product Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Bluekin Industries Limited). And massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Pea Protein Powder Brands Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can happen, even though these are rarely reported.
Table 2
Complications after different modalities for varicose veins
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China Supply Custom Electric Hot Gel Bag Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Jade Rabbit Electrical Appliance; these belong to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures.China Supply Custom Fever Plaster Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - XingzhichenIn this procedure, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM What Foods Are High In Fiber List Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc. Alternatively,China Supply Custom Max Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Add Sweetness To Beverages Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.China Supply Custom Table Fan Winding Machine Products Cheap Price - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co.
Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Nestable Plastic Packaging Crate Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd., no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity or work are advantages of this procedure. However, like other surgeries, EVLA still can cause operative or postoperative complications, such as hematoma, infection, skin burn, bruising, and catheter stabbing by laser fiber, or the broken catheter can be left in the body.China Supply Custom Hair Straightening Brush Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY,Supply OEM Custom Organic Pea Protein Suppliers Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc,608 Full Complement Ceramic BearingWholesale CE High Quality Armature Testing Panel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd., recurrence rates,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Green Peas Protein Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Cfm Whey Protein Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale CE High Quality Organic Protein Shake Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc
Clinical experience shows that the pain after laser ablation contributes to the skin contusion caused between skin and uneven bandages used after the procedure, blisters induced by skin burn,Supply OEM Custom Fep/Pfa Cable Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical EngineeringWholesale CE High Quality Automotive Spray Booth Factory & Supplier Price - FOD Electrical Engineering;Supply OEM Custom Spiral Bevel Gear Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fenghe. Using proper compression stocking rather than bandage may reduce the risk of skin contusion. In addition, early ambulation is always critical to preventing DVT.Wholesale CE High Quality Calcium Propionate Made In China Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,Injection Molding Machine
Radiofrequency ablation
Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Children Foam Toys Products Cheap Price - Unionrise I&E; it delivers thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the insufficient veins. RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, and it can be performed in-office as a minimally invasive procedure. The advantages of RFA include low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Painted Aluminum Coil Products Cheap Price - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.
Currently available clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins.China Supply Custom Ammonium Bicarbonate In Biscuits Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Fence Barb Wire Arm Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Bluekin Industries Limited,Supply OEM Custom Mutivitamin Syrup Factory & Supplier Price - KeMing Medicines
Foam sclerotherapy
Wholesale CE High Quality Solid Timber Floating Shelves Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE; it can be undertaken in the outpatient clinic,Supply OEM Custom Mirror Polished Aluminum Coil Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Shuanglin Jiate Metal Technology.Wholesale CE High Quality Ring Shank Nail Products Cheap Price - Bluekin Industries LimitedObservational studies found that success rates vary from 82% to 100%,60 Degree Brass Gate ValveWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Warehouse Pallet Racking Systems Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE. It takes approximately 1 hour to perform FS, patients do not need to take medicine or stay in the hospital, and patients can go home or continue to work immediately after the procedure. The efficacy of FS is obvious in comparison with conventional surgical stripping (China Supply Custom Professional Nail Dryer Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY). Complications after FS are rare, including bruising, thrombophlebitis, skin pigmentation, and visual disturbance.Supply OEM Custom Sand Blasting Nozzle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Mingou
Comparison of postoperative outcomes after conventional surgical stripping (A) with FS (B and C). Multiple surgical scars seen after surgical stripping (A); no visible varicose veins seen 4 days after FS (C) versus obvious varicose veins prior to FS.
Ambulatory phlebectomy
Ambulatory phlebectomy is an outpatient procedure that removes superficial veins through small 2- to 3-mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins and is performed under local anesthesia. The accepted indications for this technique are side branch varicose veins, and varicose veins of the foot, around the ankle, and the knee pit. The most important instrument for this technique is the vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. There are two ways by which the veins can be grasped. The phlebectomy hook is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp; the vein is finally pulled out by turning the exteriorized part of the vein. Graded compression stockings or compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to EVLA or RFA, either concomitantly or in the sequential management of tributaries for symptomatic varicose veins. The complications are uncommon but include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. EVLA with with both treatments achieves excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and quality of life.Supply OEM Custom Brown Rice Based Protein Powder Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc,450aaa Laser Lens For Ps3 Slim Factory OEM/ODM Products
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China Supply Custom Antibiotics Lincomycin Hcl Capsule Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - KeMing Medicines. The most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT; in rare conditions it can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities.China Supply Custom Natural Rice Protein Isolate Powder Factory & Supplier Price - Huge Roc,China Supply Custom Aluminium Casting CNC Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Highpoint Machinery.China Supply Custom Multicolor Artificial Green Leaf Products Cheap Price - Green Link New Materials Co.Supply OEM Custom Bicarbonate Sodium/Sodium Bicarbonate Food Grade Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge Roc.Supply OEM Custom Commutator Fusing Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom Organic Brown Rice Protein Products Cheap Price - Huge Roc.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Artificial Synthetic Turf Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Supply OEM Custom White Wooden Shelf Brackets Factory & Supplier Price - INNOVATIVE. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping,Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Blower Parts Factory & Supplier Price - Highpoint Machinery.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Temperature Control Wax Pot Heater Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRYIt aims to increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external supportChina Supply Custom Library Mobile Shelving Products Cheap Price - INNOVATIVEand has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. However,China Supply Custom Wax Warmer Kit Products Cheap Price - LONGBON INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY.China Supply Custom Modular Metal Shelving Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE
Overall, all management modalities appear to be safe and effective in the short term and midterm,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Vegan Brown Rice Protein Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huge RocSupply OEM Custom Mini Football Field Artificial Turf Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Green Link New Materials Co., Ltd..Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Spraying Paint Reciprocating Equipment Products Cheap Price - FOD Electrical Engineering;Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wooden Kitchen Shelves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - INNOVATIVE. FS was associated with the highest failure rate.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM adhesive wound dressing Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Xingzhichen,Supply OEM Custom Stainless Steel Nozzle Factory & Supplier Price - MingouHowever, high-China Supply Custom Plastic Crates Hinged Products Cheap Price - Zhongyi Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd.-term follow-Wholesale CE High Quality Rope Course Advanture Factory & Supplier Price - Shanghai Mutong Toys.
Acknowledgments
The first three authors (FL, YS, SZ) contributed equally to this article.
References
Articles fromInternational Surgeryare provided here courtesy ofInternational College of Surgeons
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