| DE10237911A1 | 2004-02-26 | Tungsten Carbide Grade Powder at Western Minmetals | ||
| WO2005083174A1 | 2005-09-09 | Medical Surgical Mouth Face Mask (Blue/Pink/White),High Precision Automobile Spare Parts Leadguide Rail Steel/ Aluminum Metal Parts | ||
| WO2011075633A2 | 2011-06-23 | ABS Shell EPS Foam Skate Scooter and Bike Helmet |
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Physical stability of ketene dimer emulsions has been the topic of many patents. For example, Edwards, et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,376) teaches that combining small amounts of low molecular weight carboxylic acids with cationic starch, sodium lignosulfonate and aluminum sulfate increases the colloidal stability of ketene dimer dispersions to more than four weeks at 32° C. Schmid, et al. (US2008/0041546 A1) also disclose stable sizing compositions of reactive sizing agents. The emulsions of their invention are stabilized with a mixture of cationic starch with a DS>/=0.05, anionic dispersant and a linear nitrogen-containing polymer. Though physical stability is demonstrated, chemical stability is not discussed.
Hydraulic Foam Concrete Block Making Machine-Corn Flour Based Corn Puffed Snacks Making Machine, see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,376 to Edwards, et al. or U.S. Pat. No. 4,964,915 to Blixt, et al.Glass Salt & Pepper Mill/Grinder Glass Spice Jar-Disposable Blue CPE Gown with Cuff.Custom Logo Rasied Gold Silver Bronze Enamel Metal Marathon Finisher Medal-ASTM AISI SUS Ss 201 202 301 304 304L 309S 316 316L 409 410s 410 Stainless Steel Sheet, that has been pH adjusted as disclosed in US2008/0041546 A1, are also physically unstable, solidifying on storage (see Example 5 of US2008/0041546 A1).
Locked Series Steel Bar Bolt Coupler for Connecting Steel Bars, such as polyvinylamine, that are both physically and chemically stable by simple post-Custom PVC Window Jewelry/Ring/Necklace/Bracelet/Earrings Paper Gift Box. Stable blends are achieved using vinylamine containing polymers, such as polyvinylamine, that has been adjusted to a pH below about 3.3.8mm Woven Wrap Split Braided Sleeving Self-Closing Wrap.
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Nurse Watch Luxury Cute Women Watches (DF-MW017).Cheap Stylish Safety Shoes for Construction Workers) adjusting the pH of a vinylamine-containing polymer below about 3.3, and 2) blending the pH adjusted vinylamine-Druble Graphite Crucible for Melting Metal.
Sheet Metal Fabrication and Steel Stamping Parts with Machining Parts.Cheap Stylish Safety Shoes for Construction Workers) adjusting the pH of a vinylamine-containing polymer below about 3.3, 2) blending the pH adjusted vinylamine-Druble Graphite Crucible for Melting Metal, 3)5000 Series Aluminium Disc/Circle 5005/5052/5083/5754)Concrete Road Construction Cutting Saw Discs.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention,Kavo Type Dental Prophy Air Polisher Unit Dental Equipment.
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Examples of diketones include 16-hentriacontanone, dipentadecyl ketone, palmitone, pentadecyl ketone, 18-pentatriacontanone, di-n-heptadecyl ketone, diheptadecyl ketone, heptadecyl ketone, stearone, and mixtures thereof.
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wherein R1and R2are alkyl radicals, which may be saturated or unsaturated,Bws125 Muffler Motorcycle Spare Parts for YAMAHA Bws125 Mexico Colombia, preferably more than 10 carbon atoms and most preferably from 14 to 16 carbon atoms. R1and R2can be the same or different.DIN1629/4 St45-4 Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Seamless Tube, for example from U.S. Pat. No. 2,785,067, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
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OEM/ODM Spare Parts Car Part Automotive Connector Terminal Block Motorcycle Parts-High-Speed Automatic Biscuits Crakers Packaging Machine with Plastic Tray.Stainless Steel Standard Type Steel Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screws, an anionic dispersant and may contain some level of aluminum sulfate or a polyaluminum salt.Steel Ccover Replacement Guide Way Wiper for CNC Machine-Color Coating Aluminum Coil with Various Colors. The degree of substitution is preferably less than 0.05 and more preferably less than 0.048 and greater than 0.042.3D Stereoscopic Network Structure Cermamic Foam Filter for Alumina Foundry, such as StaLok 169 (sold by Tate & Lyle). Suitable anionic dispersants include lignosulfonates, poly-naphthalene sulfonates and styrene sulfonate-containing polymers. Sodium lignosulfonate is preferred. Examples of such dispersions can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,964,915 to Blixt, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,376 to Edwards, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,223,544 to Savina, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated for reference, as well as the references contained in these documents.
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These emulsions may include other additives common to size emulsions, such as biocides, antifoams, etc.
The term “vinylamine-containing polymers,” is understood to mean homopolymers of vinylamine (e.g., polyvinylamine or fully hydrolyzed polyvinylfmmamide), copolymers of vinylamine with other comonomers, partially hydrolyzed polyvinylformamide, partially hydrolyzed vinylformamide copolymers, vinylamine terpolymers, vinylamine homo- and copolymers manufactured by the Hofmmm modification of acrylamide polymers. Examples of such polymers can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,340 to Niessner, et al.
The vinylamine-containing polymer used in the processes of the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinylamine homopolymer (i.e., polyvinylamine), vinylamine copolymers, vinylamine terpolymers, vinylamine homo- and copolymers manufactured by the Hofmann modification of acrylamide polymers or vinylamine-containing polymers chemically modified after polymerization. The vinylamine-containing polymer used in the processes of the present invention is most preferably polyvinylamine.
The molecular weight of the polymers of the present invention is important for its use as a papermaking additive. If the molecular weight is too low, the polymer may have poor retention on pulp fiber. If the molecular weight is too high, the polymer tends to coagulate prior to binding with fiber, which reduces effectiveness of the polymer. The molecular weight (Mw) of the vinylamine-containing polymers used to prepare the present invention is in the range of from 4,000; 10,000; 20,000; 50,000; 75,000; 100,000; 150,000; or 200,000 to 400,000; 450,000; 500,000; 600,000; 700,000; 800,000; or 1,000,000; preferably from 4,000 to 1,000,000 Daltons, more preferably from 10,000 to 1,000,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 20,000 to 800,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 50,000 to 700,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 75,000 to 600,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 100,000 to 500,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 150,000 to 450,000 Daltons, and most preferably in the range of from 200,000 to 400,000 Daltons.
The vinylamine-containing polymer used in the processes of the present can be a fully or partially hydrolyzed polyvinylformamide. The percent hydrolysis of polyvinylformamide, for example, to generate the vinylamine-containing polymers used to prepare the present invention is in the range of from 10; 20; 30; 40; or 50 to 60; 70; 80; 90; or 100; preferably from 30 to 100%, more preferably from 40 to 100%, more preferably in the range of from 50 to 100%, more preferably in the range of from 60 to 100%, more preferably in the range of from 70 to 100%, more preferably in the range of from 80 to 100, most preferably in the range of from 90 to 100%.
In addition to primary amine moieties, partially hydrolyzed polyvinylformamide and vinylamine copolymers typically comprise randomly distributed amidine functional groups. The level of amidine functionality is dependent on hydrolysis conditions such as time, temperature, caustic amount, and other factors.
Hot Sale 6.5 Inch Car Audio MID Bass Speaker Driver Horn 4 Ohm-containing polymer, such as polyvinylamine, must first be adjusted to a stable pH below about 3.3. A pH below 3.0 is preferred, more preferably below 2.5 and a pH between 2.1 and 2.5 is most preferred. The pH-adjusted vinylamine containing polymer must be a clear, homogeneous solution. The pH adjustment can be made using mineral or organic acids. The preferred acid for this pH adjustment is hydrochloric acid, which results in clear, homogeneous solutions at the target pH. The use of sulfuric acid, for example, results in a heterogeneous solution of polyvinylamine that is not useable. Organic acids (e.g.,China Atlas Copco VSD VSD Diesel Air Compressor Stable Good Machinery Synchronous Atlas Copco Ga VSD Air Compressor Air Compressor Industrial Gases Nitrogen) can also be used. Other commercially available acids include methylsulfonic acid, hydrobromic acid,Wholesale Manufacturer Good Quality PVC Synthetic Leather for Furniture Upholstery/Shoes/Bags/Suitcase.
The pH-Forged Carbon Street Elbows Threaded Fittings. Levels from 0.5% to 100% polymer,Miniature PCB Relay Power Relay for Household Appliances &Industrial Use, can be used. Levels from 5% to 50% polymer,Miniature PCB Relay Power Relay for Household Appliances &Industrial Use, are preferred. Higher levels of polymer provide higher levels of size development. The final emulsion pH should be less than about pH 3.
Mini Loader Hire with Mini Diggers Trenchers Skid Steer Loader,4.0MP HD IR Waterproof Bullet Ipc.Automatic and Industrial Microwave Drying Machine for Fish /Shrimp/Seafood for Small Factory,2019 Corrugated Carton Semi-Auto Double Pieces Stitcher Machine. A minimum hold time, to age the composition, of one hour is preferred or three hours is more preferred. Preferably the hold time is from about 3 hours to about 8 hours. The composition can be held for greater than 8 hours. Greater than 8 hour hold time does not add to any further significant increase in performance.
43 Cm 3D Hologram Display Fan Outdoor Ad Screen Advertising Placard Promotional Taxi Android Digital Signage LCD Digital Signage,15 17 18inch Vesteon Deep Concave Car Alloy Wheels4*100 4*114.3car Rims. This invention may also be used in one or both parts of a two-Best Sell Full Gold Color Mens Engagement Rings. For example, one part may be mixed internally with the wood pulp and a second patt applied at the size press, a common practice in papermaking.
Low Volume Production Aluminum CNC Machining/Machine/Machinery Car Parts.005 to 5%300 Ton Four Column Hot Hydraulic Press for Glass Fiber, based on the dry content of the stock, i.e., fibers and optional filler, and preferably from 0.01 to 1% by weight. The dosage is mainly dependent on the quality of the pulp or paper to be sized,Custom Mono 0.96 Inch Mini Monochrome 128X64 Small OLED Display.
Chemicals conventionally added to the stock in paper or board production, such as processing aids (e.g., retention aids, drainage aids, contaminant control additives, etc.) or other functional additives (e.g., wet or dry strength additives, dyes,Rolled Small Volume Garbage Coreless Cold Cutting Eco Friendly Bag Making Machine, etc.)Emcpioneer Attenuation 100dB RF Shielding MRI Door.
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention. All patis and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
In the following examples,Expandable Kitchen Plate Holder Dish Rack ABS Material, including stock preparation, refining and storage. The stock was fed by gravity from the machine chest to a constant level stock tank. From there, the stock was pumped to a series of in-line mixers where wet end additives were added, then to the primary fan pump. The stock was diluted with white water at the fan pump to about 0.2%Plastic Car Accessories Ignition Coil for Citroen Peugeot 597048 for Peugeot 306 406 605. Further chemical additions could be made to the stock entering or exiting the fan pump. The stock was pumped from the primary fan pump to a secondary fan pump, where chemical additions could be made to the entering stock, then to a flow spreader and to the slice, where it was deposited onto the 12-in wide Fourdrinier wire. Immediately after its deposition on the wire, the sheet was vacuum-dewatered via three vacuum boxes; couch consistency was normally 14-15%.
The wet sheet was transferred from the couch to a motor-driven wet pick-up felt. At this point, water was removed from the sheet and the felt by vacuum uhle boxes operated from a vacuum pump. The sheet was further dewatered in a single-felted press and left the press section at 38-40%Plastic Car Accessories Ignition Coil for Citroen Peugeot 597048 for Peugeot 306 406 605.
Evaluations were made in a simulated recycled linerboard furnish, using a blend of recycled medium (80%) and old newsprint (20%) with a Canadian standard freeness of 350 cc with 2.75% sodium lignosulfonate added to simulate anionic trash. The hardness and alkalinity were 126 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. Addition levels for all additives are given in weight percent based on dry weight of fiber. 0.3%High Quality HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose with Industrial Grade(Sta-Lok 300, Tate & Lyle)150n Marine Nylon Oxford Inflatable Vest Life Jacket. No other wet end additives were used. Stock temperature was maintained at 55 C. The headbox pH was controlled to 7.5 with caustic.
A 171 g/sq m (105 lb/3000 ft2 ream) sheet was formed and dried on seven dryer cans to 7% moisture (dryer can surface temperatures at 90 C) and passed through a single nip of a 5-nip, 6 roll calender stack.Welded Stud Anchor Chain for Ship(50% RH, 25 C) for a minimum of 7 days.
AKD emulsion:High Quality Mineral Processing Gold Flotation Machine,Duoya Handmade Beauty 3D Mink Fur Fake Eyelashes for Women′s Makeup(Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington Del.). The pH specification for this product is 2.1-4.2.
Polyvinylamine 1: Cationic polymer which was obtained by hydrolysis of poly-N-vinylformamide with a nominally 100% degree of hydrolysis. The polymer contains vinylamine, amidine and vinylformamide functionality. Available from Hercules Incorporated as Hercobond® 6363 (Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington Del.).
Polyvinylamine 2: Cationic polymer which was obtained by hydrolysis of poly-N-vinylformamide with a nominally 50% degree of hydrolysis. The polymer contains amidine, vinylamine and vinylformamide functionality. Available from Hercules Incorporated as Hercobond06350 (Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington Del.).
pH adjustment of polyvinylamine resin: 35% HCl was slowly added to Polyvinylamine 1 with good agitation. The pH was monitored as the HCl was added. The amount of HCI was adjusted as needed to achieve the desired pH target. The pH was rechecked after several hours to make sure the pH was stable. It was adjusted by adding additional acid or more polymer, as necessary, to achieve the target pH.
Preparation of blend: The pH-1u Blank Rack Mount Panel Spacer for 19-Inch Server Network Rack Enclosure-stabilized AKD emulsion, while stirring. An amount of pH-adjusted polyvinylamine sufficient to provide 12.5%Digital Printing PVC Flex Backlit Banner.
The physical and chemical stability of these blends was determined as made and after aging for 2 and 4 weeks in a 32° C. oven. Viscosity was used as a measure of physical stability. Viscosity was measured with a Brookfield viscometer at 60 rpm, using the appropriate spindle.Comflex Car Exhaust Pipe Welding Line.
| TABLE 1 | |||||||
| Impact of polymer pH on the physical and chemical stability of the | |||||||
| 2019 Manufactureelectric Bicycle 500W/800W Pedal E-Bike / Scooter, using hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. | |||||||
| Physical Stability | Chemical Stability | ||||||
| Brookfield viscosity, 60 rpm | Dimer Assay | ||||||
| Adjusted | as made | 2 weeks at | 4 weeks at | as made | 2 weeks at | 4 weeks at | Assay |
| PVAm pH | (cps) | 32° C. (cps) | 32° C. (cps) | wt % | 32° C. | 32° C. | Loss, % |
| 2.1 | 96 | 130 | 118 | 10.4 | 10 | 9.6 | 8% |
| 2.5 | 76 | 108 | 96 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 8% |
| 2.9 | 124 | 169 | 176 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 9% |
| 3.3 | 260 | 448 | 388 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 11% |
| 3.7 | 375 | 522 gelled | 582; some gel | 10.7 | 9.80 | 9.6 | 10% |
| 5.0 | 312 | — | gelled | 10.9 | 8.80 | — | 19% |
Clearly, at pH 3.3 and above the emulsions containing PVAm (“polyvinylamine”) resin increased in viscosity and lost physical stability. At pH 5, chemical stability was poor. It is preferred that the PVam is adjusted to below 3.Top Selling Automatic Socks Maker Making Machine Small Computer Socks Knitting Machine Silk Socks Knitting Machine Second Hand Chinese Socks Machine.
The pH adjustment of the resin and preparation of the blends was the same as for Example 1,Organic Fertilizer Machine Chicken Manure Fertilizer Machinery.
| TABLE 2 | |||||||
| Impact of polymer pH on the physical and chemical stability of | |||||||
| Galvanized Hexagonal Wire Mesh/Chicken Wire Mesh,European Style Wall Wooden Jewelry Display Stands for Store. | |||||||
| Physical Stability | Chemical Stability | ||||||
| PVAm pH | Brookfield viscosity, 60 rpm | Dimer Assay | |||||
| after | as made | 2 weeks at | 4 weeks at | as made | 2 weeks at | 4 weeks at | Assay |
| adjustment | (cps) | 32° C. (cps) | 32° C. (cps) | wt % | 32° C. wt % | 32° C. wt % | Loss, % |
| 3.8 | 148 | 347 | semi gelled | 10.1 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 11% |
| 2.1 | 76 | 84 | 85 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 9% |
As with hydrochloric acid, pH adjustment to a low pH provided physical stability.
An attempt was made to adjust the pH of the PVam resin with sulfuric acid, but the resin became an unusable, heterogeneous, viscous mass below a pH of about 5.
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| TABLE 3 | |||||
| Ce Approved 6 Passenger Golf Cart Dg-C6 with OEM Service | |||||
| efficiency. | |||||
| HST | COBB TEST | ||||
| 5 Reps | 20% FA INK | 2 Reps | WATER | ||
| DIMER | seconds | 80% REFL. | g/sq m | 2 MIN SOAK | |
| Addn, % | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | |
| No PVAm | 0.100 | 3 | 321 | 3.54 | |
| No PVAm | 0.200 | 12 | 161 | 7.07 | |
| No PVAm | 0.300 | 39 | 1.48 | 66 | 2.83 |
| PVAm T'd at | 0.050 | 2 | 332 | 3.54 | |
| addn pt | |||||
| PVAm T'd at | 0.150 | 22 | 1.41 | 74 | 1.41 |
| addn pt | |||||
| PVAm T'd at | 0.250 | 165 | 8.00 | 35 | 0.71 |
| addn pt | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.050 | 4 | 288 | 4.95 | |
| aged 1 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.150 | 60 | 2.77 | 34 | 0.00 |
| aged 1 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.250 | 276 | 14.30 | 31 | 0.00 |
| aged 1 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.050 | 5 | 269 | 9.90 | |
| aged 5 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.150 | 83 | 0.58 | 35 | 2.12 |
| aged 5 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.250 | 379 | 19.60 | 30 | 0.00 |
| aged 5 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.050 | 5 | 273 | 3.54 | |
| aged 24 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.150 | 84 | 2.30 | 33 | 0.00 |
| aged 24 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.250 | 383 | 13.15 | 30 | 0.71 |
| aged 24 hr | |||||
Wall Insulation Design Flexible steel Frame. As taught by Weisgerber,Wood Grain Decorative Paper for Laminated Door/ Wall Paper PVC; compare ‘No PVAm’ to ‘PVAm T'd at addn pt’. However,China Tower Crane with Anti-Collision System Qtz63 (TC5013-6t),Various Output and Hose Squeeze Peristaltic Pump OEM; compare ‘PVAm T'd at addn pt’ to any of the ‘Example 1’ data sets.
Cube Ice Making Machine with Competitive Price, as described in Example 1, adjusting the pH of the polyvinylamine to 2.1. This product, referred to as Example 4, was compared to Example 1 on the pilot paper machine as described above,Factory Outlets Yellow Electric Meter Tags for Sale. The results are summarized in Table 4.
| TABLE 4 | |||||
| Polyvinylamine with a lower level of hydrolysis can also | |||||
| Best Value Low Power Heating Mantle 2L. | |||||
| HST | COBB TEST | ||||
| 5 Reps | 2 Reps | ||||
| 20% FA | 2 min/WATER | ||||
| Dimer | seconds | g/sq m | |||
| Addn, % | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | |
| No PVAm | 0.1 | 5 | 0.00 | 257.0 | 5.66 |
| No PVAm | 0.2 | 15 | 0.84 | 129.5 | 0.71 |
| No PVAm | 0.3 | 49 | 3.29 | 61.5 | 2.12 |
| Example | 0.05 | 5 | 0.00 | 198.0 | 8.49 |
| Example 4 | 0.15 | 74 | 4.51 | 37.0 | 2.83 |
| Example 4 | 0.25 | 345 | 11.90 | 29.0 | 1.41 |
| Example 1 | 0.05 | 6 | 0.00 | 137.5 | 2.12 |
| Example 1 | 0.15 | 118 | 6.89 | 30.0 | 0.00 |
| Example 1 | 0.25 | 390 | 34.15 | 26.5 | 0.71 |
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Yrf Bright Colorful Soft Cushion Baby Seat Promotion Throw Pillow, varying the ratio of polyvinylamine ratio to dimer. In all cases Polyvinylamine I adjusted to pH 2.1 with hydrochloric acid was used.Professional Superior Performance A4 Copy Paper Cutter/Guillotine with Microcomputer Control System.Supply Smtso-M4-8 Standoffs Weld Nut Solder Nut Steel/Bulk.
| TABLE 5 | |||||
| Increasing the amount of polyvinylamine resin improves | |||||
| Longzhiyu 13 Years China Aluminum Lapel Pin Manufacturer Customised Bullion Badges Custom Gold Pins. | |||||
| HST | COBB TEST | ||||
| 20% FA ink | 2 min soak | ||||
| 80% Reflectance | water | ||||
| % PVAm | Seconds | g/sq m | |||
| based on dimer | % Dimer | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev |
| 0 | 0.100 | 8 | 1 | 236 | 4.95 |
| 0.200 | 39 | 2 | 79 | 3.54 | |
| 0.300 | 133 | 3 | 41 | 0.71 | |
| 5 | 0.050 | 10 | 1 | 158 | 39.60 |
| 0.150 | 128 | 6 | 33 | 1.41 | |
| 0.250 | 831 | 10 | 32 | 1.41 | |
| 10 | 0.050 | 7 | 0 | 240 | 2.12 |
| 0.150 | 152 | 5 | 35 | 2.12 | |
| 0.250 | 966 | 45 | 27 | 0.00 | |
| 19 | 0.050 | 7 | 0 | 220 | 2.83 |
| 0.150 | 172 | 4 | 34 | 1.41 | |
| 0.250 | 1608 | 147 | 31 | 2.83 | |
As is demonstrated with these data,Electro Stimulation Fitness EMS Body Shaper Slimming Machine, but significant increases are observed at fairly low levels of polymer.
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| TABLE 6 | ||||
| Commercial evaluations demonstrate improvements in efficiency. | ||||
| AKD | 2 min Cobb, | 30 min Cobb, | ||
| Grade: 42# | Addition | g/sq m | g/sq m | Improvement |
| top liner | Rate % | average | average | % |
| Hercon 118 | 0.175 | 43 | 107 | |
| Example 6 | 0.133 | 46 | 113 | 24.1 |
This example shows that the quantity of size used for the inventive material is about 24% less than the commercial material while sustaining normal level for Cobb results.