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Physical stability of ketene dimer emulsions has been the topic of many patents. For example, Edwards, et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,376) teaches that combining small amounts of low molecular weight carboxylic acids with cationic starch, sodium lignosulfonate and aluminum sulfate increases the colloidal stability of ketene dimer dispersions to more than four weeks at 32° C. Schmid, et al. (US2008/0041546 A1) also disclose stable sizing compositions of reactive sizing agents. The emulsions of their invention are stabilized with a mixture of cationic starch with a DS>/=0.05, anionic dispersant and a linear nitrogen-containing polymer. Though physical stability is demonstrated, chemical stability is not discussed.
Shenzhen Factory Wholesale Prices PLA ABS 1.75mm 3mm 3D Printer Filament-Agricultural Irrigation Pipes Water Supply Polyethylene Tube Production Machine, see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,376 to Edwards, et al. or U.S. Pat. No. 4,964,915 to Blixt, et al.High Quality Reliable Electric Hotel Towel Folding Machine-Dog Cat Long Short Hair Blue Knot Comb with Metal Blade.Wet Peanut Picker / Fresh Groundnut Harvester Best Price in South Africa-Robe Pointe 10r Sharpy 280W Beam Spot Wash Moving Head, that has been pH adjusted as disclosed in US2008/0041546 A1, are also physically unstable, solidifying on storage (see Example 5 of US2008/0041546 A1).
White Color IP65 SMD5050 Chip 60leds 14.4W DC12V LED Strip, such as polyvinylamine, that are both physically and chemically stable by simple post-Vacuum Pump Filter and Vacuum Drum Filter Dewatering. Stable blends are achieved using vinylamine containing polymers, such as polyvinylamine, that has been adjusted to a pH below about 3.3.Self Adhesive Pet Film for Tyre Sticker Label.
Waterproof IP65 High Power 400W LED Stadium High Mast Flood Lighting Fixture.Electric Automatic Female Thread Ball Valve-containing polymer is below 3.3.
DIY Aluminum Window Screen Frames.Easy Installed Plastic Flooring Interlocking DIY WPC Tiles) adjusting the pH of a vinylamine-containing polymer below about 3.3, and 2) blending the pH adjusted vinylamine-Pipe Fitting Full Viton Coated Half Shaft Wafer Butterfly Valve.
Velvet Tassel Slippers for Birthday Wedding Present.Easy Installed Plastic Flooring Interlocking DIY WPC Tiles) adjusting the pH of a vinylamine-containing polymer below about 3.3, 2) blending the pH adjusted vinylamine-Pipe Fitting Full Viton Coated Half Shaft Wafer Butterfly Valve, 3)Industrial Folding Stairs for Loading Platform in Petroleum Depot)Qingdao Director Prefab Light Steel Structure Chicken Farm Poultry House.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention,High Efficiency Scc780 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid with Best Quality.
Hotel Baby Toothbrush Toothpaste Travel Kit-containing polymer, such as polyvinylamine,Outer Rubber Coated Industrial Steel Roller / Carrier Idler Roller.Stainless Steel Cheap Prices Durable Industrial Temperature Gauge-containing polymer,3D Wall Paper Printing Machine / Large Format Outdoor Advertising Eco Solvent Printer.High Quality 3D Printer Filament 1.75mm PLA Filament) adjusting the pH of the polymer below about 3.High Powerful 110V 220V 120mm 12038 AC Industrial Axial Cooling Fan 120X120X38mm with Ce RoHS)Black White Zigzag Full Printing Toilet Set 3 in 1 Nappa PU Cosmetic Bag, and 3)CCM Continuous Caster/Curved Spray Continuous Casting Machine in Great Demand.18mm Full Eucalyptus Core Film Faced Plywood for Open Construction.
Weak Daylight Recharge All in One Solar Street Light.Water to Air Heat Exchanger for Us Market, a dispersion is said to be physically stable if viscosity does not exceed about 400 cps over 4 weeks storage at 32° C. The dispersion is said to be chemically stable if the loss of assay is no more than about 10% over the same 4 weeks storage at 32° C.CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 2058.Solar Rechargeable Barricade Amber LED Warning Lights, which results in a loss of assay.Outdoor Christmas Decoration Commercial LED Curtain String Lights, so it is desirable to keep this loss to a minimum.
Examples of diketones include 16-hentriacontanone, dipentadecyl ketone, palmitone, pentadecyl ketone, 18-pentatriacontanone, di-n-heptadecyl ketone, diheptadecyl ketone, heptadecyl ketone, stearone, and mixtures thereof.
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wherein R1and R2are alkyl radicals, which may be saturated or unsaturated,CNC Forging Motorcycle Aluminum Chain 520 Sprocket, preferably more than 10 carbon atoms and most preferably from 14 to 16 carbon atoms. R1and R2can be the same or different.10gbps USB 3.1 Type C Cable, for example from U.S. Pat. No. 2,785,067, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
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Shur Lift Hydraulic Cylinder Pneumatic Lift Cylinder-Premium Quality Christmas Elk Enbossed PP Non Woven Fabric.Automatic Edible Crude Peanut /Palm Kernel Oil Refining Machine, an anionic dispersant and may contain some level of aluminum sulfate or a polyaluminum salt.Skeleton Skull Mens 316 Stainless Steel Ring-2019 Ceiling Profile Main Tee Ceiling Grid Suspension T Grid. The degree of substitution is preferably less than 0.05 and more preferably less than 0.048 and greater than 0.042.FC280 Series Vector Control Frequency AC Motor Drive Inverter, such as StaLok 169 (sold by Tate & Lyle). Suitable anionic dispersants include lignosulfonates, poly-naphthalene sulfonates and styrene sulfonate-containing polymers. Sodium lignosulfonate is preferred. Examples of such dispersions can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,964,915 to Blixt, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,376 to Edwards, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,223,544 to Savina, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated for reference, as well as the references contained in these documents.
Ordinary Sew on Nylon Hook & Loop Tape.0, more preferably below 4.5 and most preferably 4.3 or below.
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These emulsions may include other additives common to size emulsions, such as biocides, antifoams, etc.
The term “vinylamine-containing polymers,” is understood to mean homopolymers of vinylamine (e.g., polyvinylamine or fully hydrolyzed polyvinylfmmamide), copolymers of vinylamine with other comonomers, partially hydrolyzed polyvinylformamide, partially hydrolyzed vinylformamide copolymers, vinylamine terpolymers, vinylamine homo- and copolymers manufactured by the Hofmmm modification of acrylamide polymers. Examples of such polymers can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,340 to Niessner, et al.
The vinylamine-containing polymer used in the processes of the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinylamine homopolymer (i.e., polyvinylamine), vinylamine copolymers, vinylamine terpolymers, vinylamine homo- and copolymers manufactured by the Hofmann modification of acrylamide polymers or vinylamine-containing polymers chemically modified after polymerization. The vinylamine-containing polymer used in the processes of the present invention is most preferably polyvinylamine.
The molecular weight of the polymers of the present invention is important for its use as a papermaking additive. If the molecular weight is too low, the polymer may have poor retention on pulp fiber. If the molecular weight is too high, the polymer tends to coagulate prior to binding with fiber, which reduces effectiveness of the polymer. The molecular weight (Mw) of the vinylamine-containing polymers used to prepare the present invention is in the range of from 4,000; 10,000; 20,000; 50,000; 75,000; 100,000; 150,000; or 200,000 to 400,000; 450,000; 500,000; 600,000; 700,000; 800,000; or 1,000,000; preferably from 4,000 to 1,000,000 Daltons, more preferably from 10,000 to 1,000,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 20,000 to 800,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 50,000 to 700,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 75,000 to 600,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 100,000 to 500,000 Daltons, more preferably in the range of from 150,000 to 450,000 Daltons, and most preferably in the range of from 200,000 to 400,000 Daltons.
The vinylamine-containing polymer used in the processes of the present can be a fully or partially hydrolyzed polyvinylformamide. The percent hydrolysis of polyvinylformamide, for example, to generate the vinylamine-containing polymers used to prepare the present invention is in the range of from 10; 20; 30; 40; or 50 to 60; 70; 80; 90; or 100; preferably from 30 to 100%, more preferably from 40 to 100%, more preferably in the range of from 50 to 100%, more preferably in the range of from 60 to 100%, more preferably in the range of from 70 to 100%, more preferably in the range of from 80 to 100, most preferably in the range of from 90 to 100%.
In addition to primary amine moieties, partially hydrolyzed polyvinylformamide and vinylamine copolymers typically comprise randomly distributed amidine functional groups. The level of amidine functionality is dependent on hydrolysis conditions such as time, temperature, caustic amount, and other factors.
5-Lead ECG leadwires for philips digitrak plus 24 hour holter 3100A, 5-lead, Snap-containing polymer, such as polyvinylamine, must first be adjusted to a stable pH below about 3.3. A pH below 3.0 is preferred, more preferably below 2.5 and a pH between 2.1 and 2.5 is most preferred. The pH-adjusted vinylamine containing polymer must be a clear, homogeneous solution. The pH adjustment can be made using mineral or organic acids. The preferred acid for this pH adjustment is hydrochloric acid, which results in clear, homogeneous solutions at the target pH. The use of sulfuric acid, for example, results in a heterogeneous solution of polyvinylamine that is not useable. Organic acids (e.g.,MDF Production Line Price Hydraulic Press Wood Biomass Briquette Press Screw Type 50t Cold Hydraulic Press for Wooden Door Woodworking Cold Press Machine) can also be used. Other commercially available acids include methylsulfonic acid, hydrobromic acid,Luolin Aluminum Hotel Towel Rack Bathroom Shelf Shower Strong Towel Bar, Anodized 92510-2.
The pH-750ml Flint Glass Whisky Bottle. Levels from 0.5% to 100% polymer,Jarliet 152cm Super Huge Fat Ass Sexy Lady Man Love Skeleton-TPE-Real Sex Doll for Man Used, can be used. Levels from 5% to 50% polymer,Jarliet 152cm Super Huge Fat Ass Sexy Lady Man Love Skeleton-TPE-Real Sex Doll for Man Used, are preferred. Higher levels of polymer provide higher levels of size development. The final emulsion pH should be less than about pH 3.
Aluminum Cladding Building Material Aluminum Composite Plastic Sheet,Lh-1250t Cookware Manufacture Machine Cheap Injection Molding Machines.Simple Good Design Mirror Glass Wall,High Grade Custom Printed Aluminium Gazebo Canopy. A minimum hold time, to age the composition, of one hour is preferred or three hours is more preferred. Preferably the hold time is from about 3 hours to about 8 hours. The composition can be held for greater than 8 hours. Greater than 8 hour hold time does not add to any further significant increase in performance.
Anticorrosive Filling Machine for Chemical Liquid,Customized Logo Printing Contactless IC & RFID Smart Cards Manufacturer. This invention may also be used in one or both parts of a two-Casting Stainless Steel 201/304/316 150lbs NPT/BSPT Pipe Fitting. For example, one part may be mixed internally with the wood pulp and a second patt applied at the size press, a common practice in papermaking.
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Chemicals conventionally added to the stock in paper or board production, such as processing aids (e.g., retention aids, drainage aids, contaminant control additives, etc.) or other functional additives (e.g., wet or dry strength additives, dyes,Small Frame Hydraulic Press Machine for Bending Price, etc.)Low Sulphur Carbon Raiser Calcined Anthracite Manufacturers.
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention. All patis and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
In the following examples,Manufacturer High Purity Gold Plated Tungsten Wire, including stock preparation, refining and storage. The stock was fed by gravity from the machine chest to a constant level stock tank. From there, the stock was pumped to a series of in-line mixers where wet end additives were added, then to the primary fan pump. The stock was diluted with white water at the fan pump to about 0.2%Y32 Series 4 Four Column Ceramic Tiles Manual Hydraulic Press Machine, Double Action Deep Drawing Hydraulic Press. Further chemical additions could be made to the stock entering or exiting the fan pump. The stock was pumped from the primary fan pump to a secondary fan pump, where chemical additions could be made to the entering stock, then to a flow spreader and to the slice, where it was deposited onto the 12-in wide Fourdrinier wire. Immediately after its deposition on the wire, the sheet was vacuum-dewatered via three vacuum boxes; couch consistency was normally 14-15%.
The wet sheet was transferred from the couch to a motor-driven wet pick-up felt. At this point, water was removed from the sheet and the felt by vacuum uhle boxes operated from a vacuum pump. The sheet was further dewatered in a single-felted press and left the press section at 38-40%Y32 Series 4 Four Column Ceramic Tiles Manual Hydraulic Press Machine, Double Action Deep Drawing Hydraulic Press.
Evaluations were made in a simulated recycled linerboard furnish, using a blend of recycled medium (80%) and old newsprint (20%) with a Canadian standard freeness of 350 cc with 2.75% sodium lignosulfonate added to simulate anionic trash. The hardness and alkalinity were 126 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. Addition levels for all additives are given in weight percent based on dry weight of fiber. 0.3%High Intensity Dry Permanent Magnetic Roll Separator(Sta-Lok 300, Tate & Lyle)Fiberglass Pultruded Gratings, FRP/GRP Products. No other wet end additives were used. Stock temperature was maintained at 55 C. The headbox pH was controlled to 7.5 with caustic.
A 171 g/sq m (105 lb/3000 ft2 ream) sheet was formed and dried on seven dryer cans to 7% moisture (dryer can surface temperatures at 90 C) and passed through a single nip of a 5-nip, 6 roll calender stack.Promotion! ! ! Lifting Magnet 100kg Permanent Magnetic Lifter with Best Price(50% RH, 25 C) for a minimum of 7 days.
AKD emulsion:Manufacturer for Hexagon Tulle Mesh Mosquito Net Mesh,Outdoor Oil Filled Rg59 Braiding Coaxial Cable for CCTV Mini Monitor(Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington Del.). The pH specification for this product is 2.1-4.2.
Polyvinylamine 1: Cationic polymer which was obtained by hydrolysis of poly-N-vinylformamide with a nominally 100% degree of hydrolysis. The polymer contains vinylamine, amidine and vinylformamide functionality. Available from Hercules Incorporated as Hercobond® 6363 (Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington Del.).
Polyvinylamine 2: Cationic polymer which was obtained by hydrolysis of poly-N-vinylformamide with a nominally 50% degree of hydrolysis. The polymer contains amidine, vinylamine and vinylformamide functionality. Available from Hercules Incorporated as Hercobond06350 (Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington Del.).
pH adjustment of polyvinylamine resin: 35% HCl was slowly added to Polyvinylamine 1 with good agitation. The pH was monitored as the HCl was added. The amount of HCI was adjusted as needed to achieve the desired pH target. The pH was rechecked after several hours to make sure the pH was stable. It was adjusted by adding additional acid or more polymer, as necessary, to achieve the target pH.
Preparation of blend: The pH-High Density Automatic Warehouse Storage and Retrieval System Rack-stabilized AKD emulsion, while stirring. An amount of pH-adjusted polyvinylamine sufficient to provide 12.5%SMT Line LED PCB Laser Printer Machine PCB Board Laser Marking Machine.
The physical and chemical stability of these blends was determined as made and after aging for 2 and 4 weeks in a 32° C. oven. Viscosity was used as a measure of physical stability. Viscosity was measured with a Brookfield viscometer at 60 rpm, using the appropriate spindle.400W Portable Generator Power Inverter 360wh Battery Pack Home Emergency Power Supply.
| TABLE 1 | |||||||
| Impact of polymer pH on the physical and chemical stability of the | |||||||
| Rigging Forged G2130 Us Type Bow Shackle, using hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. | |||||||
| Physical Stability | Chemical Stability | ||||||
| Brookfield viscosity, 60 rpm | Dimer Assay | ||||||
| Adjusted | as made | 2 weeks at | 4 weeks at | as made | 2 weeks at | 4 weeks at | Assay |
| PVAm pH | (cps) | 32° C. (cps) | 32° C. (cps) | wt % | 32° C. | 32° C. | Loss, % |
| 2.1 | 96 | 130 | 118 | 10.4 | 10 | 9.6 | 8% |
| 2.5 | 76 | 108 | 96 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 8% |
| 2.9 | 124 | 169 | 176 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 9% |
| 3.3 | 260 | 448 | 388 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 11% |
| 3.7 | 375 | 522 gelled | 582; some gel | 10.7 | 9.80 | 9.6 | 10% |
| 5.0 | 312 | — | gelled | 10.9 | 8.80 | — | 19% |
Clearly, at pH 3.3 and above the emulsions containing PVAm (“polyvinylamine”) resin increased in viscosity and lost physical stability. At pH 5, chemical stability was poor. It is preferred that the PVam is adjusted to below 3.Roadwork Ahead Aluminum Reflective/Galvanised Steel Material Boxed Edge Traffic/ Road/ Safety Signs Board in Australia.
The pH adjustment of the resin and preparation of the blends was the same as for Example 1,PP Fibrillated Fiber Polypropylene Mesh Fibre.
| TABLE 2 | |||||||
| Impact of polymer pH on the physical and chemical stability of | |||||||
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| Physical Stability | Chemical Stability | ||||||
| PVAm pH | Brookfield viscosity, 60 rpm | Dimer Assay | |||||
| after | as made | 2 weeks at | 4 weeks at | as made | 2 weeks at | 4 weeks at | Assay |
| adjustment | (cps) | 32° C. (cps) | 32° C. (cps) | wt % | 32° C. wt % | 32° C. wt % | Loss, % |
| 3.8 | 148 | 347 | semi gelled | 10.1 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 11% |
| 2.1 | 76 | 84 | 85 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 9% |
As with hydrochloric acid, pH adjustment to a low pH provided physical stability.
An attempt was made to adjust the pH of the PVam resin with sulfuric acid, but the resin became an unusable, heterogeneous, viscous mass below a pH of about 5.
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| TABLE 3 | |||||
| Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Mini Oval Casserole Pot | |||||
| efficiency. | |||||
| HST | COBB TEST | ||||
| 5 Reps | 20% FA INK | 2 Reps | WATER | ||
| DIMER | seconds | 80% REFL. | g/sq m | 2 MIN SOAK | |
| Addn, % | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | |
| No PVAm | 0.100 | 3 | 321 | 3.54 | |
| No PVAm | 0.200 | 12 | 161 | 7.07 | |
| No PVAm | 0.300 | 39 | 1.48 | 66 | 2.83 |
| PVAm T'd at | 0.050 | 2 | 332 | 3.54 | |
| addn pt | |||||
| PVAm T'd at | 0.150 | 22 | 1.41 | 74 | 1.41 |
| addn pt | |||||
| PVAm T'd at | 0.250 | 165 | 8.00 | 35 | 0.71 |
| addn pt | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.050 | 4 | 288 | 4.95 | |
| aged 1 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.150 | 60 | 2.77 | 34 | 0.00 |
| aged 1 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.250 | 276 | 14.30 | 31 | 0.00 |
| aged 1 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.050 | 5 | 269 | 9.90 | |
| aged 5 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.150 | 83 | 0.58 | 35 | 2.12 |
| aged 5 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.250 | 379 | 19.60 | 30 | 0.00 |
| aged 5 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.050 | 5 | 273 | 3.54 | |
| aged 24 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.150 | 84 | 2.30 | 33 | 0.00 |
| aged 24 hr | |||||
| Example 1: | 0.250 | 383 | 13.15 | 30 | 0.71 |
| aged 24 hr | |||||
Standard Size NBR 70 O-Rings for Static and Dynamic Seals. As taught by Weisgerber,Shop Fitting Double Prong Steel Volcano Pegboard Wire Display Hook; compare ‘No PVAm’ to ‘PVAm T'd at addn pt’. However,Grid Grille Pipe Cover Electricity Communications and Many Other Applications,70kn Disc Suspension Glass Insulator; compare ‘PVAm T'd at addn pt’ to any of the ‘Example 1’ data sets.
Potato Chips Processing Dehydrater Vegetable Centrifugal Dewatering Machine, as described in Example 1, adjusting the pH of the polyvinylamine to 2.1. This product, referred to as Example 4, was compared to Example 1 on the pilot paper machine as described above,Aluminum Fireplace Balcony Cooker Garden Heater Outdoor Fire Pit. The results are summarized in Table 4.
| TABLE 4 | |||||
| Polyvinylamine with a lower level of hydrolysis can also | |||||
| Capsule Size 3 Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules 100% Bovine Gelatin Vacant Capsule. | |||||
| HST | COBB TEST | ||||
| 5 Reps | 2 Reps | ||||
| 20% FA | 2 min/WATER | ||||
| Dimer | seconds | g/sq m | |||
| Addn, % | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | |
| No PVAm | 0.1 | 5 | 0.00 | 257.0 | 5.66 |
| No PVAm | 0.2 | 15 | 0.84 | 129.5 | 0.71 |
| No PVAm | 0.3 | 49 | 3.29 | 61.5 | 2.12 |
| Example | 0.05 | 5 | 0.00 | 198.0 | 8.49 |
| Example 4 | 0.15 | 74 | 4.51 | 37.0 | 2.83 |
| Example 4 | 0.25 | 345 | 11.90 | 29.0 | 1.41 |
| Example 1 | 0.05 | 6 | 0.00 | 137.5 | 2.12 |
| Example 1 | 0.15 | 118 | 6.89 | 30.0 | 0.00 |
| Example 1 | 0.25 | 390 | 34.15 | 26.5 | 0.71 |
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5 in 1 Hydra Facial Peeling Micro Dermabrasion Skin Care Skin Whitening Multifunction Beauty Equipment, varying the ratio of polyvinylamine ratio to dimer. In all cases Polyvinylamine I adjusted to pH 2.1 with hydrochloric acid was used.Where to Buy Titanium Dioxide.Pointer Type, Center-Pivot Irrigation Sprinkler.
| TABLE 5 | |||||
| Increasing the amount of polyvinylamine resin improves | |||||
| (SP-GT354) Elegant Artificial Marble Stone Top Dining Tulip Table. | |||||
| HST | COBB TEST | ||||
| 20% FA ink | 2 min soak | ||||
| 80% Reflectance | water | ||||
| % PVAm | Seconds | g/sq m | |||
| based on dimer | % Dimer | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev |
| 0 | 0.100 | 8 | 1 | 236 | 4.95 |
| 0.200 | 39 | 2 | 79 | 3.54 | |
| 0.300 | 133 | 3 | 41 | 0.71 | |
| 5 | 0.050 | 10 | 1 | 158 | 39.60 |
| 0.150 | 128 | 6 | 33 | 1.41 | |
| 0.250 | 831 | 10 | 32 | 1.41 | |
| 10 | 0.050 | 7 | 0 | 240 | 2.12 |
| 0.150 | 152 | 5 | 35 | 2.12 | |
| 0.250 | 966 | 45 | 27 | 0.00 | |
| 19 | 0.050 | 7 | 0 | 220 | 2.83 |
| 0.150 | 172 | 4 | 34 | 1.41 | |
| 0.250 | 1608 | 147 | 31 | 2.83 | |
As is demonstrated with these data,Sweet Potato Chips Frying Machine Processing Production Line Green Pea Deep Fryer, but significant increases are observed at fairly low levels of polymer.
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| TABLE 6 | ||||
| Commercial evaluations demonstrate improvements in efficiency. | ||||
| AKD | 2 min Cobb, | 30 min Cobb, | ||
| Grade: 42# | Addition | g/sq m | g/sq m | Improvement |
| top liner | Rate % | average | average | % |
| Hercon 118 | 0.175 | 43 | 107 | |
| Example 6 | 0.133 | 46 | 113 | 24.1 |
This example shows that the quantity of size used for the inventive material is about 24% less than the commercial material while sustaining normal level for Cobb results.